酷刑概念辨析

发布时间：2018-06-07 14:27

本文选题：酷刑 + 比较　；参考：《湘潭大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：酷刑是全人类的公敌，阐明酷刑的概念是对酷刑进行研究的前提。从犯罪归属来看，酷刑既可以是国内犯罪也可以是国际犯罪，有鉴于此，由于国内外对于酷刑认识的不同，故而对于酷刑的定义就存在着不同之处。如果想要对酷刑有一个全面而客观的认知，则需要对国内外各种酷刑的概念进行比较研究及分析。对各种有关酷刑的规定的分析研究，首先离不开对于酷刑概念有较大影响力的国际法律文件的研究，因为当前多数酷刑概念都是以这些国际性法律文件为基础而进行规定的。通过对相关公约的介绍，可以使我们对酷刑的概念有一个初步的认识。同时酷刑也是被世界上大多数国家的法律所禁止的，比较典型的主要有德国、法国、日本等国的相关立法，对这些国家立法例的研究，有利于对酷刑进行较为全面的认识，更好的对酷刑的定义进行理解。仅仅从字面上对酷刑进行理解是不够的，对一个概念的理解应当从多种角度进行分析，比较研究法、历史研究法、价值分析等研究方法是全面认识酷刑的重要手段，同时通过宏观审视与微观剖析相结合,才能对酷刑下一个精确的定义。通过对相关公约和立法例的比较研究，可以发现它们对于酷刑的规定的不同之处，存在的合理性与不合理性；从历史的角度来说，每个国家对自己的法律进程都是一个历史的选择，不同国家对于酷刑不同的规定也是在这一社会背景下产生的，同时不同的社会价值体系也对酷刑的认识有着不同的影响。在充分考虑这些影响的前提下，比较分析各酷刑的概念，发现其中的优缺点、合理与不合理之处，去粗取精得出酷刑的定义并明确其内涵与外延才是目的之所在，，也能为禁止酷刑制度的构建奠定理论基础。中国对于酷刑的研究起步较晚，目前对于酷刑定义没有一个统一的认识，但是酷刑在司法领域时有发生。虽然中国法律界作了很大的努力,不仅从法律上对酷刑有所限制，还主动接受国际法的监督，签订了一系列条约，但是历史的惯性使酷刑的全面禁止难以一墩而就，中国反酷刑的道路道阻且长。明确酷刑的定义是反酷刑的开端，也决定着反酷刑的命运。我们翘首以待。
[Abstract]:Torture is the public enemy of all mankind, and clarifying the concept of torture is the premise of the study of torture. From the view of crime attribution, torture can be both domestic crime and international crime. In view of this, because of the different understanding of torture at home and abroad, there are differences in the definition of torture. If we want to have a comprehensive and objective understanding of torture, we need to make a comparative study and analysis of various concepts of torture at home and abroad. The analysis and study of various provisions on torture can not be separated from the study of international legal documents which have great influence on the concept of torture, because most of the current concepts of torture are established on the basis of these international legal documents. Through the introduction of relevant conventions, we can have a preliminary understanding of the concept of torture. At the same time, torture is also prohibited by the laws of most countries in the world. Typical examples are mainly the relevant legislation of Germany, France, Japan, and other countries. The study of the legislative cases of these countries is conducive to a more comprehensive understanding of torture. Better understand the definition of torture. It is not enough to understand torture literally. The understanding of a concept should be analyzed from a variety of angles, such as comparative research, historical research, value analysis and so on. At the same time, through the combination of macro-examination and micro-analysis, a precise definition of torture can be made. Through a comparative study of the relevant conventions and legislative cases, we can find that their provisions on torture are different, the rationality and irrationality of their existence; from the historical point of view, Each country is a historical choice to its own legal process. Different countries have different regulations on torture under this social background. At the same time, different social value systems also have different influence on the understanding of torture. On the premise of fully considering these effects, the concepts of torture are compared and analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages, reasonableness and unreasonableness of them are found. The definition of torture and its connotation and extension are the purpose of the definition of torture. It can also lay a theoretical foundation for the construction of the prohibition of torture system. The study of torture in China started late, and there is no unified understanding of the definition of torture at present, but torture occurs from time to time in the judicial field. Although the Chinese legal profession has made great efforts not only to restrict torture legally, but also to take the initiative to accept the supervision of international law and sign a series of treaties, but the historical inertia makes the total prohibition of torture difficult. China's anti-torture road obstruction and long. Clear definition of torture is the beginning of anti-torture, but also determines the fate of anti-torture. We look forward to it.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

【参考文献】