论公民性权利的刑法保护

发布时间：2018-06-10 17:22

本文选题：性权利 + 男性性权利保护　；参考：《华东政法大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会发展导致的文化、观念的日趋多元化,公民的不同性取向也日渐得到整个社会的包容。而随着性取向的愈发自由,接踵而至的是各种新型性犯罪的层出不穷。除了传统的女性受害者外,包括男性在内的任何人均有可能成为性犯罪的受害者。而纵观我国现有的刑法规定,主要着力于对女性性权利的保护,对未成年人性权利的保护有所涉及但并不完善,对于成年男性性权利的保护近年来有所进步,但笔者认为仍有不足。立法上的不足也导致了学术界在男性是否能够成为强奸罪的受害人、婚内强奸是否构成强奸、对未成年人的性侵害是否适用严格责任等问题上产生了分歧。笔者认为,随着社会的发展,公民性权利的刑法保护也应相应地进行充分变革,故笔者试图以本文来做一研究与阐述。本文共分为三章:第一章为概述,分为两节,作为后文论述展开的基础。第一节阐述了刑法中的性交、性权利等基本概念的界定,并着重体现了随着社会发展而不断进化完善的过程,现代社会中性交的概念已不再局限于“男性性器官”进入“女性性器官”。第二节阐述了我国公民性权利保护的立法沿革,主要包括我国刑法对公民性权利保护的立法演变、《刑法修正案(九)》关于公民性权利保护的规定以及我国刑法对公民性权利的保护尚存不足之处三方面内容。第二章重点阐述了随着社会的不断发展,我国刑法对成年男性性权利的刑法保护愈发显得不足。本章主要从男性性权利受侵害的主要类型、域外刑法对男性性权利保护的刑事立法模式以及完善刑法对男性性权利保护的必要性和可行性等方面进行了论述。男性遭受的性侵害具有特殊性,其来源可能是来自异性,也可能是来自同性。从统计结果来看,针对男性的性侵害来自同性的情形更为常见,这也与针对女性的性侵害主要来自异性有所区别。从各国立法实践来看,无论大陆法系国家、英美法系国家还是我国的港、澳、台地区,均在立法中趋向于对男性性权利的保护予以重视,主要体现在将性犯罪的犯罪对象从过去传统的女性,扩大到包含男性。笔者认为,无论是社会发展提出的迫切需求,还是其他法域立法的趋势,均为我国加强对男性性权利的刑法保护提出了要求。我国刑法和司法实践中对男性性权利保护的不足,有其历史原因。首先是源于长期以来占据社会主流思想地位的男尊女卑思想和男权本位思想。在这种思想的影响下,普遍认为两性之间的性关系,永远是男性获得了资源,占到了便宜,自然谈不上需要对男性性权利进行保护。其次,我国传统思想对同性之间的情感视为禁忌,不愿承认,避之不及,故对社会上实际存在的男男性行为视而不见,导同性的性侵犯无法被认定为强奸。然而,近年来见报的男性被性侵的案件数量激增,其所带来的社会后果不可忽视。这也反映了必须从立法角度对男性性权利进行刑法保护的必要性。无论是基于宪法精神,还是基于完善刑法功能之需要,都应当将男性纳入强奸罪的犯罪对象。《刑法修正案(九)》已经迈出了第一步,将“强制猥亵、侮辱妇女罪”修改为“强制猥亵、侮辱罪”,相当于将全体公民不分性别、年龄地纳入到了本罪的犯罪对象之中,这也可以认为是近年来我国逐步加大对男性性权利保护的一种立法趋势。第三章主要论述我国对成年女性以及未成年人性权利的刑法保护上的一些不足,包括婚内强奸是否能够得到认定,以及在认定未成年人性权利被侵害时是否应适用严格责任等问题。关于强奸罪侵害的法益属于何种性质,也随着社会观念的发展变化而经历了财产法益、道德法益、权利法益的发展变化的过程。在现有法律理论体系下,以及在伦理学、性学等其他学科的体系内,既然性已成为归属女性自身的,女性可独立自主决定是否与包括丈夫在内的任何男性进行性交,那么婚姻关系似乎不应再成为免责的保护伞,丈夫在某些情况下应可以成为强奸罪的主体。笔者建议在现有的《刑法》规定的基础上,区分婚姻所处的不同状态,对婚内强奸罪的认定做出详细的规定,且建议不以受害人的告诉为前提,以完善对婚姻关系存续期间女性性权利的保护。在未成年人性权利保护方面,未成年人与成年人最主要的区别在于无法正确认识性行为的意义,以及性行为对自身的危害性。故在对未成年人性权利进行保护时,应当适用严格责任,即不应以行为人明知或应当明知行为对象是未成年人为前提,而应一律以行为对象的年龄是否处于特殊保护的区间为准则。当然,对于行为人确实因疏忽产生“误认”的情况(如因幼女生理发育较为成熟而导致行为人疏忽而未核实行为对象的年龄等情形),可在量刑时予以相应的考量与平衡。
[Abstract]:With the culture caused by social development and the growing diversity of ideas, the different sexual orientation of citizens is also increasingly inclusive of the whole society. With the increasing freedom of sexual orientation, all kinds of new sex crimes emerge in endlessly. In addition to the traditional female victims, any person including men, including men, may become a sexual offender. The protection of female sexual rights is mainly focused on the protection of female sexual rights, but the protection of sexual rights of minors is involved but not perfect. The protection of sexual rights for adult males has progressed in recent years, but the author thinks there are still shortcomings. As a victim of rape, whether marital rape constitutes rape or not, there is a difference in the strict liability for sexual abuse of minors. The author believes that with the development of the society, the criminal law protection of civil rights should be fully changed, so the author tries to do a research and Exposition in this article. The first chapter is divided into three chapters: the first chapter is divided into two sections, which are divided into two sections. The first section expounds the definition of the basic concepts of sexual intercourse and sexual rights in criminal law, and emphasizes the process of continuous evolution and perfection with the development of society. The concept of sexual intercourse in modern society is no longer limited to "male sex organs" entering the "male sex organs". The second section expounds the legislative evolution of the protection of citizens' sexual rights in our country, mainly including the legislative evolution of the protection of civil rights in our criminal law, the amendment of the criminal law (nine), the provisions on the protection of civil rights and the three aspects of the protection of the civil rights in our criminal law. The second chapter focuses on the explanation. With the continuous development of the society, the criminal law of China has become more and more inadequate in criminal law protection for adult male sexual rights. This chapter mainly from the main types of male sexual rights infringement, the criminal legislation mode of the extraterritorial criminal law on the protection of male sexual rights and the necessity and feasibility of improving the protection of male sexual rights by criminal law and so on. Sexual assault from men may come from the opposite sex and may be from the same sex. From the statistical results, the sex abuse against men is more common, and the sexual abuse against women is mainly from the opposite sex. From the legislative practice of various countries, civil law countries Home, Anglo American legal system and China's port, Australia and Taiwan area all tend to pay attention to the protection of male sexual rights in legislation, which is mainly reflected in the enlargement of the object of sexual crime from the traditional women to the inclusion of men. It is all for our country to strengthen the protection of male sexual rights in criminal law. There are historical reasons for the lack of male sexual rights protection in our criminal law and judicial practice. First of all, it originated from the patriarchal thought and the male right standard thought which occupied the mainstream ideology of the society for a long time. Under the influence of this thought, it is generally considered that the sexes are sexes The sexual relationship between men and women has always been the resource of men, which has taken advantage of the nature. Naturally, it is not necessary to protect male sexual rights. Secondly, the traditional thoughts of our country are taboo on the emotion between the same sex, unwilling to admit and avoid it, so it is impossible to see the male sex behavior in the society, and the sexual assault of the guide can not be identified. For rape. However, in recent years, the number of men who has been reported to be sexually assaulted has been increasing and the social consequences of it can not be ignored. It also reflects the necessity of criminal law protection for male sexual rights from the legislative point of view. Men should be included in the crime of rape, whether based on the constitutional spirit or the need to improve the function of the criminal law. The criminal law amendment (nine) has taken the first step to amend "compulsory indecency and insult women" as "coercive indecency and insult", which is equivalent to the inclusion of all citizens without gender and age into the object of the crime. This can also be recognized as a gradual increase in the protection of male sexual rights in China in recent years. A legislative trend. The third chapter mainly discusses the shortcomings of our country's criminal law protection for adult women and the sexual rights of minors, including whether marital rape can be identified, and whether strict liability should be applied to the identification of the sexual rights of minors. With the development and change of social concept, it has experienced the process of the development and change of property law benefit, moral legal benefit and right legal benefit. In the system of existing legal theory, and in the system of ethics, sexology and other disciplines, since sex has become a woman itself, women can decide independently whether to include anything including husbands. The marriage relationship seems not to be an exemption umbrella, and the husband should be the subject of the crime of rape in some cases. The author suggests that on the basis of the existing provisions of the criminal law, the different state of marriage should be distinguished and the determination of the crime of rape in marriage is specified in detail, and the suggestion is not to be taken by the victim. It is the premise to improve the protection of sexual rights of women during the marriage relationship. In the protection of the sexual rights of minors, the main difference between minors and adults lies in the inability to correctly recognize the meaning of sexual behavior and the harmfulness of sexual behavior to themselves. Responsibility should not be based on the premise that the perpetrator knows or should know that the object of behavior is a minor, and should be the criterion of whether the age of the object is in a special protection. Of course, for the perpetrator, the situation of "misrecognition" is indeed caused by negligence (such as the neglect of the perpetrator because of the maturity of the young girl's hairdresser. " When the age of the object is implemented, it can be considered and balanced in sentencing.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D924

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