网络环境下诽谤罪客观要件争议问题研究

发布时间：2019-06-04 16:23

【摘要】：近几年出现的一些社会现象引起了人们的关注,部分网民在网络上发表了一些不当言论从而招致了牢狱之灾。越来越多的人认识到,原来网络不是真正虚拟的,它与现实有着千丝万缕的联系,恶意诽谤他人必定是要为自己的行为负责的,网络诽谤由此受到了越来越高的重视。打击这一类犯罪,首先解决的问题就是诽谤罪的犯罪构成要件问题。本文以我国犯罪构成理论为基础,将认定诽谤罪犯罪构成中的客观方面单列出来研究,分为三个部分进行探讨。第一部分是针对犯罪行为方式的认定。首先是"捏造"、"散布"的概念认定及关于二者单复数行为的争论与分析,"捏造"与"散布"是单一行为而不是复数行为,重点在于散布与否。其次是网络诽谤的不作为形式,网络服务提供商在一定条件要为不作为承担责任。最后是行为对象问题,应对政府官员的名誉权保护作出一定的限制。死者的名誉利益应予以保护。第二部分是公然性与虚假性问题。基于网络环境的开放性,"公然性"是必备要素,采用能够使不特定或者多数人知悉的方式散布就属于"公然散布"。网络诽谤所捏造的事实必须为虚假事实,真实性可以作为出罪的辩护理由。第三部分是有关危害结果与情节严重的认定。应注意对直接危害结果与间接危害结果进行区分,避免混淆与滥用。司法解释中有关网络诽谤以点击量、转发量作为"情节严重"的判断标准并未进行客观归罪,也没有不当扩大处罚范围,只是须在实践操作中注意统计区间的统一规制。由于近几年诽谤案件频发,今后也可能出现更为复杂的情况,故研究网络诽谤可以加强法律的预测性,应对不断变化的网络时代。
[Abstract]:In recent years, some social phenomena have attracted people's attention, and some netizens have made some improper remarks on the Internet, which has led to prison. More and more people realize that the original network is not really virtual, it is inextricably linked with reality, malicious slander of others must be responsible for their own behavior, network slander has been paid more and more attention. To combat this kind of crime, the first problem to be solved is the constituent elements of libel crime. Based on the theory of crime constitution in our country, this paper makes a separate study on the objective aspects of the constitution of libel crime, which is divided into three parts. The first part is the identification of the way of criminal behavior. The first is the concept of "fabrication", "dispersion" and the debate and analysis of the simple and plural behavior of the two. "fabrication" and "dissemination" are single behavior rather than plural behavior, with the emphasis on whether they are scattered or not. Secondly, the form of network libel is the form of omission, and the network service provider should bear responsibility for the omission under certain conditions. Finally, the problem of behavior object should be limited to the protection of reputation rights of government officials. The honorary interests of the dead should be protected. The second part is the problem of public probability and falsehood. Based on the openness of the network environment, "public probability" is a necessary element, and it is "blatant dissemination" to spread it in a way that can make it known to unspecified or most people. The facts fabricated by network slander must be false facts, authenticity can be used as a defense for guilt. The third part is about the identification of the results and circumstances of the harm. Attention should be paid to distinguishing the direct harm result from the indirect harm result so as to avoid confusion and abuse. In judicial interpretation, the judgment standard of click quantity and transfer quantity as "serious circumstances" has not been imputed objectively, nor has it expanded the scope of punishment improperly, but it is necessary to pay attention to the unified regulation of statistical interval in practical operation. Due to the frequent occurrence of libel cases in recent years, there may also be more complex situations in the future, so the study of online libel can strengthen the predictability of the law and cope with the changing network era.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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