论刑法中的自救行为

发布时间：2019-06-05 22:48

【摘要】： 刑法中的自救行为是民事权利事后救济的一种特殊类型;在刑法学的知识领域内一般把它作为超法规的违法阻却事由的一种。本文对于自救行为的研究根据研究方法的不同分为三章,第一章是在刑法之内的规范研究;第二章是法律社会学和法律经济学的研究;第三章是从法律与文学的视角的研究。第一章包括下列内容:自救行为的概念;自救行为在刑法学中的体系性地位;中国特有犯罪概念语境下自救行为的成立范围,将治安管理处罚和劳动教养中的自救行为纳入刑法中进行研究的法治意义;自救行为的成立条件;以体系性思考的方法分析了刑法立法和司法解释中有关的规定与自救行为的关系,并分析了刑事司法中出现的典型案件,得出以下结论:中国刑法中现有规范隐含了自救行为正当化的逻辑,或者至少没有适用上的障碍问题;司法审判中对于疑似自救行为的案件进行裁判时所依据的论理也从反面论证了对于自救行为的认可;然后借鉴一般法学方法论的研究成果,根据现实生活中法官的推理过程,着力分析了在判断自救行为成立与否时的两个不同标准:二元论主张的“社会相当性”标准与结果无价值主张的“法益衡量”标准,重点考察了他们对于指导具体案件裁判时的客观性、明确性价值,得出结论:二者的分歧和争论或许只是人为的想象,在现实生活并无对应的存在。第二章从法律经济学和法律社会学的进路,研究了实施自救行为在现实生活中可能受到的制约因素,即实施自救行为受到实力对比的差异,机会成本的可承受性,实施分级暴力的能力,和避免过度报复等条件的制约,进而以自救行为与制度供应不足间存在着不同的函数关系为理论预设,得出无论在哪种情形下,对于自救行为的权利救济作用都不应抱有不切实际的期望的结论;进而提出对于不同类型的自救行为应当以不同的法律和社会策略应对的观点。第三章把文学艺术作品作为“真理最喜爱栖息的地方”,分析研究了在中国流行的几部中外影视作品和文学作品,尤其是日本电影《追捕》,透过它的反讽叙事方式,揭示了其深刻而复杂的主题,即对于现代社会里人与国家关系的反思,歌颂了个人的自主性,同时有感于现实社会中个人面临强大的国家的弱小和自救行为的非现实性与合理性的悖论,批判了国家的现实非理性的一面。并简要讨论了文学与法律的关系。
[Abstract]:The act of self-help in criminal law is a special type of relief after the event of civil rights, which is generally regarded as a kind of illegal hindrance in the field of criminal law. In this paper, the study of self-rescue behavior is divided into three chapters according to the different research methods. The first chapter is the normative study in criminal law; the second chapter is the study of sociology of law and legal economics; the third chapter is the study from the perspective of law and literature. The first chapter includes the following contents: the concept of self-rescue behavior, the systematic position of self-rescue behavior in criminal law, and the systematic position of self-rescue behavior in criminal law. The scope of the establishment of self-rescue behavior in the context of the concept of crime in China, the significance of bringing the self-rescue behavior in public security management punishment and re-education through labor into the criminal law, the conditions for the establishment of self-rescue behavior, and the significance of the rule of law in the study of self-rescue behavior. This paper analyzes the relationship between the relevant provisions in the legislation and judicial interpretation of criminal law and the act of self-help by means of systematic thinking, and analyzes on the typical cases in criminal justice. The following conclusions are drawn: the existing norms in Chinese criminal law imply the logic of justifying the act of self-help, or at least there is no obstacle to its application. In the judicial trial, the theory on which the cases of suspected self-rescue behavior are judged also demonstrates the recognition of the act of self-rescue from the opposite side. Then, drawing lessons from the research results of general legal methodology, according to the reasoning process of judges in real life, This paper analyzes two different criteria for judging whether the act of self-help is established or not: the criterion of "social appropriateness" advocated by dualism and the standard of "legal interest measurement" of the worthless claim of result. This paper focuses on their objectivity and clarity value in guiding the judgment of specific cases, and draws the conclusion that the differences and arguments between the two may only be artificial imagination, and there is no corresponding existence in real life. The second chapter studies the factors that may be restricted to the implementation of self-rescue behavior in real life from the perspective of legal economics and sociology of law, that is, the difference of strength comparison and the affordability of opportunity cost in the implementation of self-rescue behavior. Under the restriction of the ability to carry out hierarchical violence and avoid excessive revenge, it is concluded that there are different functional relationships between self-rescue behavior and insufficient supply of the system as a theoretical presupposition, and it is concluded that in either case, There should be no unrealistic expected conclusion about the right relief effect of the act of self-help. Then it puts forward the viewpoint that different types of self-help behavior should be dealt with by different laws and social strategies. The third chapter takes literary and artistic works as "the favorite place of truth", analyzes and studies several popular Chinese and foreign film and television works and literary works in China, especially the Japanese film "hunt down", through its ironic narrative way. It reveals its profound and complex theme, that is, the reflection on the relationship between man and the state in modern society, and eulogizes the autonomy of the individual. At the same time, I feel that the individual faces the paradox of the weakness of the strong country and the unreality and rationality of the self-help behavior in the real society, and criticizes the realistic and irrational side of the country. The relationship between literature and law is briefly discussed.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D914

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