环境犯罪被害人法律保护问题研究

发布时间：2019-07-02 20:15

【摘要】：随着经济的高速发展,环境犯罪也呈井喷式增长,为了防治环境污染、保护和改善环境,我国一直积极打击环境犯罪,但是在环境犯罪法律体系的完善与发展中,我们却忽视了环境犯罪被害人的保护。环境犯罪的特殊性决定了被害人的特殊性,他们往往具有被害范围广,被害程度深,被害后恢复能力差,维权能力弱等特征,这些特征造成了环境犯罪被害人成为真正的弱势群体。如果不进行及时救助与恢复,会导致一系列恶性后果。我国现有的环境犯罪被害人的法律保护制度的司法实践历史相对较短,关于环境犯罪被害人法律保护制度的理论研究尚未十分完善,救济水平还未达到相应的高度,环境犯罪刑事保护缺乏必要力度,这直接制约着我国环境犯罪被害人保护的刑事立法、司法以及行政执法水平的提高。环境犯罪被害人是指合法权益直接遭受到环境犯罪行为侵害的自然人或法人,其法律保护涉及到刑法的保护、程序法的保护和国家补偿制度等内容。其中刑法保护的现状是环境犯罪被害人保护的范围过窄以及环境犯罪的法定刑偏低,不利于发挥刑法的预防犯罪机能；程序法保护中的不足主要体现在立案标准高、自诉权和求偿权实现的受限等；国家补偿制度的不足体现在立法的缺失。因此,为了更充分的保护环境犯罪被害人,有必要扩大环境犯罪被害人刑法的保护范围、提高环境犯罪的法定刑、完善环境犯罪刑事处罚机制、完善环境犯罪被害人的自诉权和求偿权、完善环境刑事附带民事公益诉讼制度、构建以环境犯罪被害人为视角的恢复性司法制度和构建环境犯罪被害人国家补偿制度。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, environmental crime is also growing as a blowout. In order to prevent and control environmental pollution, protect and improve the environment, our country has been actively cracking down on environmental crime, but in the improvement and development of the legal system of environmental crime, we ignore the protection of environmental crime victims. The particularity of environmental crime determines the particularity of victims. They often have the characteristics of wide range of victims, deep degree of being killed, poor recovery ability after being killed, weak ability to protect rights and so on. These characteristics cause the victims of environmental crime to become truly vulnerable groups. If timely rescue and recovery are not carried out, it will lead to a series of vicious consequences. The judicial practice history of the existing legal protection system of environmental crime victims in our country is relatively short, the theoretical research on the legal protection system of environmental crime victims is not very perfect, the relief level has not reached the corresponding height, and the criminal protection of environmental crime is lack of necessary strength, which directly restricts the improvement of criminal legislation, judicature and administrative law enforcement of environmental crime victims protection in our country. The victim of environmental crime refers to the natural or legal person whose legitimate rights and interests are directly infringed by the act of environmental crime. The legal protection of environmental crime involves the protection of criminal law, the protection of procedural law and the national compensation system. Among them, the present situation of criminal law protection is that the scope of environmental crime victim protection is too narrow and the legal punishment of environmental crime is on the low side, which is not conducive to giving full play to the crime prevention function of criminal law; the shortcomings of procedural law protection are mainly reflected in the high standard of filing a case, the limitation of the realization of the right of private prosecution and the right to claim, etc.; the deficiency of the national compensation system is reflected in the lack of legislation. Therefore, in order to protect the victims of environmental crime more fully, it is necessary to expand the scope of protection of the criminal law of victims of environmental crime, improve the legal punishment of environmental crime, improve the criminal punishment mechanism of environmental crime, improve the right of private prosecution and claim of victims of environmental crime, and improve the system of civil public interest litigation attached to environmental crime. To construct the restoration justice system from the perspective of environmental crime victims and to construct the national compensation system for environmental crime victims.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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