公有公共设施致害赔偿责任研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 16:54

  本文选题：公有公共设施　切入点：国家赔偿　出处：《云南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：设置、管理过程中的公有公共设施难免会产生各种侵权事件,对于事件发生后的赔偿路径,我国行政法学者多呼吁将其纳入国家赔偿法的范围,笔者认为适用民事相关法律进行调整更有利于国家、人民、社会的和谐发展。本文先从公有公共设施的基础内涵入手,再比较国内外地区相关方面在法律上的规定：就大陆法系来说,将致害事件发生后的赔偿问题从民事法律中分离出去的国家比较多,而英美法系国家由于历史原因、社会背景等特点在该问题的处理上和一般侵权主体的救济途径一样。然后从法律制定者角度分析了为什么不将公有公共设施侵权责任问题归结到国家赔偿法中；从行政法角度分析设置、管理公有公共设施的行为不属于行使公权力的行政活动；在民法上,这种设置、管理行为属于私经济行政,行政机关也是法人的一种。在归责原则上,笔者认为理应使用过错推定的责任原则。无过错责任原则过于夸大了管理人责任,侵权赔偿会成为整个国家经济上的包袱；公平责任原则更多的是在侵权人和受害人均不存在过错的情况下,针对赔偿标准进行的道德上救济。而过错推定责任原则一方面可以更好地保障受害人权益,另一方面针对国家承担的赔偿负担可以建立相应的基金制度来减轻,还可以借助社会保险来降低管理风险。
[Abstract]:In the course of setting up and managing the public facilities, it is inevitable that all kinds of tort events will occur. For the compensation path after the event, the scholars of administrative law of our country often call for it to be brought into the scope of the state compensation law. The author believes that the application of civil related laws to adjust is more conducive to the harmonious development of the country, the people and society. And then compare the legal provisions of relevant aspects at home and abroad: as far as the civil law system is concerned, there are more countries separating the problem of compensation after the occurrence of injurious events from the civil law, while the common law countries are due to historical reasons. The characteristics of social background are the same as that of the general tortfeasor. Then the author analyzes why the tort liability of the public utilities should not be reduced to the state compensation law from the angle of the lawmaker. From the angle of administrative law, the behavior of managing public facilities does not belong to the administrative activities of exercising public power; in civil law, the administrative behavior belongs to the private economic administration, and the administrative organ is also a kind of legal person. The author thinks that the principle of liability of presumption of fault should be used. The principle of no-fault liability exaggerates the responsibility of manager, and tort compensation will become the burden of the whole country's economy. The principle of fair liability is the moral relief to the standard of compensation if there is no fault between the infringer and the victim. On the one hand, the principle of presumption of fault can better protect the rights and interests of the victim. On the other hand, we can set up the corresponding fund system to lighten the compensation burden that the country bears, and can also use social insurance to reduce the risk of management.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.181
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本文编号：1649544