意大利《医学辅助生殖法》研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 05:10

本文选题：《医学辅助生殖法》　切入点：立法　出处：《东方法学》2015年06期

【摘要】：2004年2月,经过长期的激烈争论,意大利议会终于出台了《医学辅助生殖法》。这部深受天主教影响、以严厉保守著称的40/2004法案禁止配子捐赠、代孕、胚胎冷冻和基因诊断,禁止为单身者、同性恋者和死者实施辅助生殖服务,要求每个治疗周期最多培养三个胚胎并且立刻同时植入母亲子宫,由此引发了激烈的争论,被指胚胎保护制度侵害受术夫妻的权利,影响生殖服务的质量。2005年6月,社会发起公投运动力图推翻法案,但因梵蒂冈的坚决抵制而宣告失败。2009年,意大利宪法法院裁决法案部分违宪并废除相关限制性条款,理由是这些规定赋予胚胎与夫妻相同甚至更多的权利。2013年2月欧洲人权法院在判决其中的PGD条款违背《欧洲人权公约》后再次驳回意大利政府的上诉申请。尽管如此,40/2004法案仍将对意大利的辅助生殖实践、生命伦理原则乃至社会政治生活产生深远影响。
[Abstract]:In February 2004, after a long and heated debate, the Italian Parliament finally introduced the Medical assisted Reproduction Act, a heavily Catholic Act known for its strict conservatism, forbidding gamete donation, surrogacy, embryo freezing and genetic diagnosis. The ban on assisted reproductive services for single people, homosexuals and the dead, which requires up to three embryos per treatment cycle and immediate implantation into the mother's womb at the same time, has sparked a heated debate. In June 2005, the society launched a referendum campaign to overturn the bill, but failed because of the Vatican's firm resistance. In 2009, The Italian Constitutional Court ruled that the bill was partially unconstitutional and repealed the relevant restrictive provisions. The reason is that these provisions give embryos the same or more rights as couples. In February 2013, the European Court of Human Rights again rejected the Italian Government's application for appeal after ruling that the PGD clause contained therein was contrary to the European Convention on Human Rights. So the 40 / 2004 Act will still be used in Italy for assisted reproductive practice, The life ethics principle and even the social political life have the profound influence.
【作者单位】：安徽医科大学医学人文研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“人类辅助生殖法律制度比较研究”(项目批准号:第12BFX113号)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D954.6;DD912.1

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