食品安全行政执法与刑事司法衔接机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 10:32

本文选题：行刑衔接　切入点：行政执法　出处：《湘潭大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：当某种行政违法行为达到一定的社会危害程度而触犯刑律,行政违法行为即向行政犯罪转变,因此,行政犯罪将行政违法与刑事违法联系起来,将行政法与刑法两个部门法也连接起来,使得二者的衔接成为必然。而行政违法案件若达到犯罪标准,则当由行政执法机关移送至司法机关处理,基于此,使得行政执法与刑事司法的衔接在客观上成为可能。我国对于行刑衔接制度的研究大体经历了三个阶段:问题初探,制度的确立和发展以及全面推进。从1992年陈兴良教授提出正确界定行政处罚与刑罚处罚之间的关系,行刑衔接问题始出水面;到2001年4月《关于整顿和规范市场经济秩序的决定》的出台,正式提出行刑衔接机制;再到2014年《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》,明确提出了健全行刑衔接机制的方向与完善的标准。二十余年间,一系列规范性文件的出台和众多司法案例的发展,国家高层对此项工作的关注可见一斑,而学界及实务界对此所做的大量理论研究与实证分析,也从另一个侧面反映出行刑衔接机制实际运行中存在的难题未得到有效解决。反观我国的行刑衔接制度,相关理论问题有待深入,立法衔接过于粗疏,主体机关责权不明,程序衔接可操作性不强是目前这一制度存在的突出问题。我国的部门行政执法涉及到多领域多部门,如食品、环境、医疗、税收、金融证券等,事无巨细面面俱到实非能力所及,只能择其中之一做深入研究,力求以点及面,由此及彼,给行刑衔接的实践带来些许裨益。而一国、一地食品安全程度与本国、本地政府公信力息息相关,与经济发展、社会稳定密不可分,食品安全的程度直接决定和反映了国民生活水平和生存状态,是人类赖以生存的物质基础。而瘦肉精、苏丹红、三聚氰胺、地沟油、染色馒头等一再刺激公众的神经,尽管十八大以来国家对食品安全的重视程度和监管力度远超以往,2015年10月,被称为“史上最严”《食品安全法》正式施行,但仍须面对复杂严峻的食品安全形势。2017年1月,习总书记强调食品安全工作要坚持最严谨的标准、最严格的监管、最严厉的处罚、最严肃的问责。在我国当前形势下,治理食品安全乱象当以司法主治、行政为辅,而“重典治乱”的实现前提必须是行政执法与刑事司法的无缝衔接。现存的突出问题是,行政机关移送标准的自我设计,移送标准行政化,移送政策的不透明,导致移送的行政偏好。甚至可以说,执法机关在一定程度上决定司法的适用度,罪刑法定原则被掏空。本文拟从行政执法与刑事司法衔接的理论分析入手,运用国家职能的管辖权理论、禁止双重危险与有限的刑事优先等理论对行刑衔接进行规范分析,以确立行刑衔接机制的立法与理论基础,并以食品安全领域为具体考察对象,参照现行法律法规,深入分析食品安全领域行刑衔接机制现存问题与困境,以司法主导行政为辅的治理策略为前提,以“法治主义”的实践目标为导向,明确食品安全行刑衔接多中心主体的职能定位,着力构建符合我国国情的食品安全领域行刑衔接的程序规范。
[Abstract]:When some administrative violations reached a certain degree of social harm and violated the criminal law, illegal administrative behavior change, to the administrative crime so the administrative crime will be linked to administrative law and criminal law, administrative law and criminal law two departments are also connected, making the interface of the two become inevitable. But the administrative case to achieve when the crime standard, by administrative law enforcement organs transferred to judicial organs, based on this, the administrative law enforcement and criminal justice in fact possible. Our research for the execution of the convergence of the system has undergone three stages: the problem of establishment and development of the system, and comprehensively promote the correct definition of the relationship between the. The administrative punishment and the criminal punishment from Professor Chen Xingliang in 1992, the problem of convergence of execution was out of the water; to decide on < > in April 2001 to rectify and standardize the market economic order. The introduction, put forward the execution convergence mechanism; then to 2014 "the CPC Central Committee on promoting a number of major issues of the decision rule of law >, clearly put forward the perfect execution convergence mechanism and the direction of improving standards. More than 20 years, the development of a series of normative documents and judicial cases, the country's top concern of this work remarkable, theoretical research and empirical analysis and a large number of scholars and practitioners have done, but also from the other side to reflect the actual problems in the operation of the execution convergence mechanism have not been effectively resolved. The concept of China's execution of the convergence of the system, related theories should be thorough, legislation too careless, the main organs of responsibility the program is unknown, cohesion is a serious problem in the present system of the operability is not strong. The administrative law enforcement in China involves many departments, many fields such as food, environment, Medical, tax, financial securities, real non well-rounded ability, can only choose one of them to do in-depth research, and strive to the point and the surface, from here, to bring some benefits to the practice of execution convergence. And a country, a food safety degree and the country is closely related to local government credibility, social stability and economic development. Is closely related to food safety degree directly determines and reflects the national standard of living and living conditions, is the material basis of human survival. While clenbuterol, tonyred, melamine, drainage oil, etc. repeatedly tainted steamed buns to stimulate the public's nerves, although since the eighteen countries focus on food safety supervision level and far more than in the past, in October 2015, known as the "history of the most stringent food safety law" formally implemented, but still have to face the complicated and grim situation of food safety in.2017 in January, the General Secretary Xi stressed that food Safety work should adhere to the most stringent standards, the most stringent regulation, the most severe punishment, the most serious accountability. Under the current situation in our country, the food safety management by the judicial administrative chaos when attending, supplement, achievement of "severe punishment" of the premise must be seamless administrative law enforcement and criminal justice. The existing problems, the administrative organ to self design standard, the transfer standard administration, transfer policy leads to the transfer of administrative preference is opaque, and even can be said that the law enforcement agencies in judicial decisions in a certain extent of the application of the principle of legality, hollowed out. This paper starts from the analysis of administrative law enforcement and criminal justice the theory of state functions, using the theory of jurisdiction, prohibition of double jeopardy and limited criminal priority theory to regulate the execution of convergence analysis, in order to set a theoretical foundation for the legislation and execution convergence mechanism, and In the field of food safety for the specific object of study, according to the existing laws and regulations, in-depth analysis of the execution of food safety problems and difficulties of convergence mechanism, leading to judicial administrative assistant management strategy is the premise to practice of "rule of law" goal oriented, clear function positioning of food safety execution convergence central subject, focus on building program specification according to the situation of our country food safety execution convergence.

【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.16;D924.3

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