行政相对人的程序抵抗权研究

发布时间：2018-07-22 12:15

【摘要】：在我国，基于行政权的特殊性行政相对人与行政执法者处于不平等地位，对行政相对人的权益保护鲜少提及。人权法治理念的普及，行政程序法的起草和建构使得程序法的内在和外在价值得以彰显，人权受尊重的地位愈来愈高。行政相对人的程序抵抗权则是适应现实保障人权、维护行政相对人合法权益的产物。行政相对人的程序抵抗权是一种事中及时救济权。具体指对行政行为重大且明显的违法行政行为给予程序上的不服从、不配合、不履行的权利。它开辟了继行政诉讼、行政复议等救济方式的新途径，同时提升了行政相对人的监督主体地位，完善了我国监督体系。有利于监督行政主体正当行为，平衡行政双方主体的权利义务关系，解决行政主体与行政相对人之间的利益紧张关系，推动和谐社会建设。本文立足于行政相对人在法治进程中理论上地位不断提升，而现实中权利却屡遭损害的现状，通过分析我国理论和实践中对抵抗权的规定，以及国内外对抵抗权的运行措施，完善与保障我国行政执法过程中的行政相对人的程序抵抗权，从而建立具有中国特色的行政相对人程序抵抗权体系，贯彻“尊重和保障人权”的立法理念。本文主要分为五个部分。第一部分为行政相对人程序抵抗权的基本概述。本文以抵抗权的由来为出发点，分析国内国外的抵抗权语境，在此基础上提出抵抗权的语义。通过历史分析的方法实现抵抗权到行政领域中行政相对人程序抵抗权的过渡。从我国行政法学研究领域，介绍行政相对人抵抗权从无到有的争议过程，在承认行政抵抗权存在的基础上依据权利性质将行政抵抗权分为实质抵抗权、程序抵抗权和实质与程序并轨的抵抗权，由此引出本文的研究重点行政相对人的程序抵抗权。随之，对行政相对人程序抵抗权的含义、特征进行了分析，将程序抵抗权的语境与语义融入到文章中，加深对程序抵抗权的认识。由浅入深、由抽象到具体的对行政相对人的程序权利进行概述，为下文程序抵抗权研究奠定基础。第二部分为行政相对人程序抵抗权的正当性。本文以行政行为公定力理论作为抵抗权的理论渊源，，指出程序抵抗权存在的合理性；以无效行政行为理论为支撑，指出程序抵抗权存在的前提和重要性；最后将现实中倡导的和谐社会论作为实践基础，提升程序抵抗权在实践中的可操作性与可行性。第三部分为行政相对人程序抵抗权的运行困境。本文从权利的构成要素出发，将程序抵抗权的构成要素分为：主体、内容、程序、形式、救济五个要素。通过分析各个要素的不足，即主体法律意识淡薄，无效行政行为缺陷，抵抗程序混乱，抵抗方式无序，以及救济机制滞后。将抵抗权的尴尬境遇详细分析，为完善程序抵抗权构建有效法律保障体系。第四部分为行政相对人程序抵抗权的完善与保障。针对第三部分存在的缺陷，提出有效措施。主要是规范法律文件，完善无效行政行为制度，抵抗方式有序化以及确认“争讼停止”救济机制，不仅实现程序抵抗权的法制化，而且将程序法的内在价值融合到权利之中，实现程序抵抗权的程序化。第五部分为结语，对全文内容进行归纳总结，并构建行政相对人程序抵抗权的蓝图。通过完善与保障程序抵抗权，有效解决行政关系人之间的矛盾纠纷，推动双方关系的和谐化，促进平等观念的普及，推动和谐社会的构建。
[Abstract]:In our country , the administrative right is based on the particularity of the administrative right and the administrative law - enforcing person is in an unequal position , and the protection of the rights and interests of the administrative counterpart is seldom mentioned . The right of the administrative counterpart ' s procedure resistance is the product of the procedural law ' s internal and external values . It opens up the supervision system of the administrative body , which is beneficial to the supervision of the administrative body ' s legitimate behavior and balancing the rights and obligations of the main bodies of the administration .

This paper is based on the current situation of the administrative counterpart in the process of the rule of law , but the right in reality is often damaged . By analyzing the provisions of the right of resistance in our country ' s theory and practice , and the operation measures of the right of resistance at home and abroad , we should perfect and safeguard the administrative counterpart ' s procedural resistance right in the process of administrative law enforcement , so as to establish the legislative idea of " respecting and safeguarding human rights " . This article is divided into five parts .

The first part is the basic summary of the right to resist the procedure resistance of the administrative counterpart . Based on the analysis of the author ' s right to resist the right of resistance in the field of administrative law , this paper analyzes the meaning and characteristics of the right to resist the right of resistance in the administrative field .

The second part is the legitimacy of the right to resist the relative procedural resistance . This article takes the theory of administrative act as the theory origin of the right of resistance , and points out the rationality of the existence of the right of procedure resistance ;
Based on the theory of invalid administrative act , this paper points out the precondition and importance of the existence of the right of procedure resistance .
Finally , the theory of harmonious society advocated in reality is regarded as the practical basis , and the maneuverability and feasibility of the right of procedure resistance are improved in practice .

In the third part , the author divides the constituent elements of the right of procedure resistance into five elements : subject , content , procedure , form and relief .

The fourth part is divided into the perfection and safeguard of the right to resist the procedure resistance of the administrative counterpart . In the light of the defects existing in the third part , the author puts forward effective measures . It is mainly to regulate the legal documents , perfect the invalid administrative behavior system , the resistance way and the relief mechanism of the " stop of the dispute " , not only to realize the legalization of the right of procedure resistance , but also to integrate the inherent value of the procedural law into the right , and realize the procedural resistance right .

The fifth part summarizes the contents of the whole text , summarizes the contents of the whole text , and constructs the blueprint of the right to resist the relative human procedure . By perfecting and protecting the right of procedure resistance , effectively solving the contradiction dispute between the administrative relations , promoting the harmony of the relations between the two sides , promoting the popularization of the equality concept , and promoting the construction of the harmonious society .
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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