论人格权财产利益的私法保护

发布时间：2018-02-14 08:38

本文关键词： 人格权财产利益人格要素商品化正当性立法模式私法保护　出处：《扬州大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传统民法理论将人格权严格限定为纯粹精神性权利据以否认人格权财产利益,在市场经济社会,此种论断已经不合时宜。现代社会,人格权与财产权在规制与保护上并非泾渭分明,二者存在人格财产化、财产人格化的“双向渗透”趋势。换言之,人格权财产利益以及财产权人格利益皆成为客观事实。承认人格权财产利益并非意味人格权与财产权相互取代,恰恰相反,其目的在于强化和完善人格权法律制度保护。人格财产化主要借由人格要素的商业化利用完成,人格要素的商业化利用是人格权财产利益生成的正向途径。人格财产化还可能通过侵权行为实现,侵权行为是人格权财产利益生成的负向因素。人格权财产利益的生成乃是人格要素正向利用和负向侵权作用的现实结果,前者产生积极的人格权财产利益,而后者则产生消极的人格权财产利益。在健全的法律体制下,积极人格权财产利益的获取应该是基本形式与主要形态,而消极人格权财产利益的产生则应属次态。人格要素可商品化、人格自治理论、不当得利理论和功利主义理论提供了人格权财产利益私法保护的正当性基础。当前,对人格权财产利益的保护,德国主要采“统一权利模式”下的“内部解决”思路,将人格利益视为一项包含精神成分和财产成分的利益集合,统一适用人格权法保护；美国主要采“二元模式”下的“外部解决”思路,通过隐私权保护人格权精神利益,通过公开权保护人格权财产利益,将公开权纳入财产权范畴。日本仿照美国模式确立“商品化权”模式,将商品化权视为一项独立于人格权的权利,但究其本质与权利模式,并未脱离知识产权法保护模式的窠臼。英国、澳大利亚“仿冒之诉”模式的实质是侵权行为模式,但由于仿冒之诉要件认定的严苛性,导致其私法保护效果并不理想。从法律传统、立法技术、立法价值等综合因素来看,德国“统一权利”模式较为适合我国国情,可为我国相关立法所吸收。当前,我国尚未制定出一部统一的、个性鲜明的《人格权法》,现行私法规范对人格权财产利益的保护只是“权宜之计”,体现出间接性、隐藏性与保守性的特点。为此,我国对人格权财产利益的私法保护应当建立“以德国统一权利模式为基础,以人格权法保护为主,以知识产权法、侵权行为法等一般法保护为辅的综合保护模式”。我国未来的《人格权法》要以明确的立法态度实现三大核心内容的突破：一是要对人格权财产利益进行私法确认；二是要承认人格权财产利益可予转让与继承；三是要建构以损害赔偿标准和获益赔偿标准为基础,兼采法定赔偿金制度和惩罚性赔偿金制度的多层次赔偿规则。对人格权财产利益私法保护制度设计上的其他“细枝末节”,则需要依靠我国传统人格权理论“内部解决”。盲目移植、全盘接受外国先进制度,不利于我国人格权财产利益私法保护制度的科学建构。
[Abstract]:The traditional theory of civil rights of personality restricted to pure spiritual right to deny the property interests of right of personality, in the society of market economy, the proposition has. Be inopportune or inappropriate in modern society, the personality rights and property rights are not in the regulation and protection of the two are quite distinct from each other, personal property, personal property "two-way penetration" trend. In other words, personal interests and property interests of the right of personality property rights have become the objective fact. That property interests of the right of personality does not mean the personality rights and property rights replace each other, on the contrary, its purpose is to strengthen and perfect human rights protection legal system.
Personal property mainly by the commercial use of personality factors, personality factors of commercial use is a positive way of property interests of right of personality formation. Personal property is also possible through the infringement, infringement of property interests of right of personality is generated negative factors. Generation of personal rights, property interests is the realistic result positive and negative personality factors by tort action, the former has a positive personality rights property interests, while the latter has a negative personality rights property interests. In the sound legal system, positive personality rights property interests obtained should be the basic form and main form, while the negative personality right of property interests should be produced is the next state.
Personality factors can be commercialized, autonomous personality theory, the theory of unjust enrichment and the utilitarianism theory provides the legitimacy of private law to protect the interests of property right of personality. At present, the protection of property interests of right of personality, Germany's main mining "unified rights model" under the "internal" ideas, will be regarded as a personal interests include the spirit composition and property of composition of interest set, the uniform application of the law of personality right protection; the United States mainly adopted "two yuan" mode "external solution" ideas, through the protection of privacy right of personality and spiritual interests, through public rights protection of personality rights property interests, the public right into the category of property right. The Japanese after the American model establishment of commodity right "mode, right of merchandising right as an independent right of personality, but the essence and the right mode, not out of intellectual property rights protection mode. Britain, Australia The essence of Australia "counterfeiting lawsuit" mode is infringement mode, but because of the harsh counterfeiting lawsuit cognizance, cause the legal protection effect is not ideal. From the tradition of law, legislative technology, comprehensive factors of legislative value, "German unified right" model is more suitable for China, can be absorbed by the relevant the legislation of our country.
At present, China has yet to formulate a unified law of personality right, < > distinctive, current civil law protection of property interests of right of personality is just a matter of expediency ", reflects the characteristics of indirect, hidden and conservative. Therefore, the private law to protect personal rights property interests should be established in our country" in Germany, the model of the United right as the foundation, in order to protect the personality right law, to intellectual property law, tort law and other comprehensive protection mode supplemented by general law protection. < Law of personality right in China in the future to achieve three major breakthroughs in the core content of the legislative attitude clear: one is to confirm the law the property interests of the right of personality; the two is to acknowledge the property interests of right of personality can be transferred and inheritance; three is to build the standard of compensation for damage and benefit compensation standard as the basis, and adopt the legal compensation system and punitive damages system of multi The rule of hierarchy of compensation. The right to personality
The other minor details in the design of property interests and private law protection system need to rely on the traditional theory of personality right in our country to solve it internally. Blindly transplantation and wholly accepting foreign advanced system are not conducive to the scientific construction of our personal right and property interests and private law protection system.

【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923

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