论寺庙财产的所有权归属

发布时间：2018-03-05 21:41

本文选题：寺庙财产　切入点：宗教法人　出处：《西南财经大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会的不断发展,现实生活中的寺庙不得不与其他法人、公民发生越来越多的社会关系,与此同时各种纠纷也应运而生。在众多社会关系中,财产关系与经济关系联系最紧密,也是其他社会关系的基础。寺庙财产关系作为其中一种是应该被重视的。本文伊始就提出我国寺庙财产所有权归属存在的问题,从问题出发寻找造成问题的原因,进而解决问题。本文将重点分析现实中的实例,在审视判例的同时分析其中涉及的寺庙财产问题。研究这些对于解决寺庙财产出现的问题具有现实意义。本文除导论和结语共计四部分。第一部分我国寺庙财产归属面临的理论与现实问题。结合我国的现实情况,我国寺庙财产面临着双重问题。理论上寺庙财产的归属不明确,法律没有明确规定,经常出现多个主体同时要求权利的情况；我国宗教组织法人化的道路并不顺利。立法不明确,学术界的意见不统一,大多数学者认同财团法人是我国宗教组织的定位。但笔者认为这个观点值得商榷。现实中寺庙财产面临着新的挑战,为寺庙的生存和发展,利用寺庙财产进行营利活动是不可避免的,这无疑和寺庙财产神圣的宗教性发生矛盾；以及现实中政府出资建寺庙造成这部分建筑产权发生争议。第二部分寺庙的财产所有权归属相关案例的实证分析。从典型的案例入手,分析几种典型问题：继承纠纷、所有权纠纷、侵权、知识产权纠纷等等,找出每类案件的争议焦点。在分析案例的同时,审视案件处理结果,笔者认为僧侣的个人收入应予以肯定,认为僧侣个人财产可继承；并且处理寺庙财产所有权纠纷的时候应该注意分类处理。第三部分探究导致我国寺庙所有权纠纷的原因。主要原因有三个,首先对与寺庙财产没有清晰的认识,更不用说厘清每一类寺庙财产的归属。其次政策因素造成现实中纠纷不断,在我国这是有一定历史原因的。但是造成寺庙财产纠纷的根源是寺庙的主体地位模糊。第四部分我国现行的关于寺庙财产的立法分析,提出立法意见。这部分着重探讨我国寺庙财产相关法律具体规定,整体上我国已经形成了较系统的立法体系。将寺庙财产划入民法领域是我国立法的一大进步。但是关于寺庙参与经济活动的规制却很少。其中最为重要的是关于寺庙的主体地位的立法缺失,这也是后文分析的重点；要解决我国寺庙财产所有权的归属问题,核心就是明确寺庙的法律地位。我国学术界普遍认为寺庙应该定位成财团法人,较之社会、集体、国家等主体享有寺庙财产所有权,适用财团法人制度更合理更有利于解决现实问题。与此同时,国外的学者更倾向于宗教法人制度,由于宗教法人的自身的特殊性,较之财团法人,宗教法人更适合我国寺庙。本文的创新点之处在于：1、对我国现行司法实践中的寺庙财产所有权纠纷进行类案的总结与分析；2、检视我国的立法司法现状,分析我国关于寺庙财产的法律法规,并提出立法建议。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of society, the reality of life in the temple and to other corporations, more and more citizens of social relations, at the same time all kinds of disputes have emerged. In many social relationships, the most close property relations and economic relations, and also is the foundation of other social relations. The temple property relations as one should be emphasized at the beginning. This paper proposed the existence of Chinese temple property ownership issues, starting from the problem to find the cause of the problem, and to solve the problem. This paper will focus on the analysis of examples in reality, in the temple property problems involved at the case study analysis. These have practical significance for solving the temple property problems.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper consists of four parts.
The first part of our country facing the temple's property ownership theory and practical problems. Combined with the reality of our country, our country is faced with double temple property problem. The theory of the temple property ownership is not clear, there is no explicit legal provisions, often appear more subjects with a required condition; religious organization legal person of our country road is not smooth. The legislation is not clear, the academic opinions are not unified, most scholars foundation is the orientation of our religious organization. But the author thinks that this viewpoint is worth discussing. Temple property in reality are facing new challenges, for the survival and development of the temple, the temple property for profit-making activities is inevitable, this is undoubtedly the sacred temple property and contradiction of religion; in reality, the government funded construction of the temple dispute caused by this part of the building property.
An empirical analysis of the ownership of the property related cases. The second part of the temple starting from the typical case, analysis of several typical problems: inheritance disputes, ownership disputes, tort, intellectual property disputes and so on, to find out the focus of controversy of each case. In the case analysis at the same time, look at the outcome of the case, the author thinks that the monks of the personal income should be sure, that the monks should pay attention to personal property inheritance; classification and treatment of temple property ownership disputes.
The third part explores the causes of temple ownership disputes in our country. There are three main reasons, first of all to no clear understanding and not to mention the temple property, clarify each kind of temple property ownership. Secondly the policy factors in the reality disputes in our country, there are some historical reasons for this. But the origin of temple property the dispute is caused by the dominant position of the temple is fuzzy.
The fourth part is the analysis of China's current legislation about temple property, put forward the legislative advice. This part focuses on the specific provisions of our laws on the whole temple property, China has formed a legal system systematically. The temple property included in civil law is a great progress in the legislation of our country. But there are few regulations on the temple to participate in the economic activities. The most important is the lack of legislation on the status of the main temple, which focuses on the analysis of the text is after; to solve the problem of temple property ownership of China's ownership, is the core of clear Temple law status in China. The academic circles think that the temple should be positioned juridicalperson, compared to the society the state, collective, and other subjects have the temple property ownership, applicable legal system more reasonable and more conducive to solve practical problems. At the same time, foreign scholars tend to religious law The human system is more suitable for the temple of our country because of the special nature of the religious legal person and the legal person of the consortium.
The innovation points of this paper are: 1, summarizing and analyzing the disputes in the current judicial practice of the temple property ownership disputes; 2, reviewing the current situation of legislation and judicature in China, analyzing the laws and regulations of temple property in China, and putting forward legislative proposals.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923

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