美国对华贸易中的知识产权保护问题及对策

发布时间：2018-11-27 20:31

【摘要】：近年来，随着科学技术的快速发展和知识经济的逐渐兴起，与知识产权相关的国际贸易活动越来越频繁，逐渐成为当前国际经济活动的热点和主导。知识产权是法律赋予智力劳动创造者的一项财产专有权利，对其智力劳动成果进行保护。加强对知识产权的保护能够调动智力劳动创造者进行科技研发和知识创新的积极性，提升产品的核心科技含量，使产品在国际市场竞争中占据优势地位，从而促进了企业乃至全社会的进步与发展。因此，大力鼓励科技创新，建立完善知识产权保护制度，已在全球范围内达成了共识。中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，美国是世界上经济实力最雄厚，科技最发达的发达国家，中美之间的经济贸易，特别是与知识产权有关的贸易活动在国际贸易活动中最为突出，占据了举足轻重的地位。中国人力资源丰富，生产的产品劳动力等成本比较低，，并且随着中国科技力量和经济实力的不断发展，产品中的核心科技含量也不断增多，因此，中国生产的产品在美国市场相比于美国本土产品具有竞争优势，占据了很大的市场份额，中国对美国的贸易顺差也有所扩大。美国认为，造成美国对华贸易逆差的原因是知识产权没有受到应有的保护，因此，美国着手制定了一系列有关知识产权保护的法律条款和协定来保护本国的知识产权产业，并利用“337条款”对中国企业提起知识产权诉讼。适当而合理的知识产权保护有利于科学技术的研发创新和经济的发展，但美国为了保护本国的相关产业，维持市场份额，而滥用知识产权保护制度，将知识产权保护当作一种贸易壁垒。这限制了中国产品的出口，阻碍了中国的出口贸易，对中国的经济发展造成了危害。本篇论文通过介绍知识产权保护的概念特征等基础理论知识，加以经济学分析，同时介绍了美国对华知识产权贸易的现状，结合以“思科诉华为案”进行阐述，综上得出了我国应对美国对华贸易中知识产权保护问题的对策，即我国应鼓励科技研发创新，建立健全知识产权保护制度，增强企业的自主创新能力，促进企业的发展，同时抵制美国对华的知识产权贸易壁垒，规范美国对中国的贸易活动，保障我国出口贸易的正常进行，使中美贸易活动健康发展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology and the gradual rise of knowledge economy, the international trade activities related to intellectual property become more and more frequent, and gradually become the hot spot and leading of the current international economic activities. Intellectual property right is a property exclusive right which is endowed by law to intellectual labor creators to protect its intellectual labor achievements. Strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights can mobilize the initiative of intellectual labor creators in scientific and technological research and development and knowledge innovation, enhance the core scientific and technological content of products, and enable products to occupy an advantageous position in international market competition. Thus promoting the progress and development of the enterprise and even the whole society. Therefore, encouraging scientific and technological innovation and establishing and perfecting intellectual property protection system have reached a consensus worldwide. China is the largest developing country in the world. The United States is the most powerful developed country in the world with the most advanced technology. In particular, trade related to intellectual property rights is the most prominent in international trade activities, occupying a pivotal position. China is rich in human resources, the cost of producing products and labor is relatively low, and with the continuous development of China's scientific and technological power and economic strength, the core scientific and technological content of products is also increasing, so, Chinese products have a competitive advantage over domestic products in the United States market, occupying a large market share, and China's trade surplus with the United States has also expanded. The United States believes that the reason for the US trade deficit with China is that intellectual property rights are not properly protected. Therefore, the United States has started to formulate a series of legal provisions and agreements on intellectual property protection to protect its intellectual property industry. And using Section 337 to bring intellectual property litigation against Chinese enterprises. Proper and reasonable protection of intellectual property rights is conducive to scientific and technological research, innovation and economic development. However, in order to protect its related industries and maintain market share, the United States abused the intellectual property protection system. The protection of intellectual property rights as a trade barrier. This restricts the export of Chinese products, hinders China's export trade, and endangers China's economic development. Through introducing the basic theoretical knowledge of intellectual property protection and other basic theoretical knowledge, this paper analyzes the economics, introduces the current situation of American intellectual property trade with China, and expounds the case of Cisco v. Huawei. In summary, the countermeasures to protect intellectual property rights in US trade with China are put forward, that is, China should encourage R & D innovation in science and technology, establish and improve the system of intellectual property protection, enhance the independent innovation ability of enterprises, and promote the development of enterprises. At the same time, we should resist the trade barrier of intellectual property rights between the United States and China, standardize the trade activities between the United States and China, ensure the normal conduct of China's export trade, and make the trade activities between China and the United States develop healthily.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F757.12;F204

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