转PHYA2基因玉米对家蚕、玉米螟生理生化反应及其肠道微生物影响的研究

发布时间：2019-05-11 18:57

【摘要】：转基因食品的安全性问题一直是转基因食品推广的一大障碍,转基因作物在诸多方面需要进行安全性检测。转基因作物的长期种植,外源基因所表达的蛋白可通过玉米籽粒及秸秆进入食物链并积累和富集。2010年,中国农业科学院独立研发出拥有自主知识产权的粮食作物转植酸酶基因玉米,有着提高饲料营养利用率、减少磷污染、降低生产成本等诸多优点。目前国内外尚未有转植酸酶玉米对相关昆虫生物学影响的报道。本研究以喂食其亲本蠡玉35和常规玉米品种郑单958为对照,从生长发育、生化反应、肠道微生物多样性三个方面的指标研究了转植酸酶玉米的种植对家蚕和玉米螟两种昆虫生物学的影响。这充实了转基因植物生态安全方面的理论研究,同时也可以为转植酸酶基因玉米的合理种植提供依据,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。研究结果如下： (1)转植酸酶玉米10TPY005花粉、非转植酸酶亲本玉米花粉饲喂家蚕3个龄期,分别从家蚕生长发育(包括存活率、体重、食物利用率)和生化反应(包括体内蛋白质含量、三种解毒酶活性和两种保护酶活性)及其肠道微生物多样性分析三个方面进行指标测定,从而研究转植酸酶玉米的种植对昆虫家蚕机体的影响。结果表明：转植酸酶玉米花粉喂食的家蚕与亲本玉米花粉喂食和空白对照两组家蚕相比,上述各指标总体无显著性差异。即转植酸酶玉米对家蚕体内正常的生理活动和生化反应未造成明显伤害。 (2)以转植酸酶玉米10TPY005、其亲本玉米蠡玉35、非转基因玉米郑单958的玉米粒饲喂亚洲玉米螟3代,并从其生长发育(包括存活率、体重)和生化反应(包括体内蛋白质含量、三种解毒酶活性和两种保护酶活性)及其肠道微生物多样性分析三个方面进行指标测定,从而研究转植酸酶玉米的种植对玉米靶标害虫亚洲玉米螟机体的影响。结果表明：食用转植酸酶玉米粒的玉米螟与食用亲本玉米粒和非转基因玉米粒的两组玉米螟相比,上述指标均无显著性差异。即转植酸酶玉米对玉米螟体内正常的生理生化指标及肠道微生物多样性未显著影响。 (3)大田实验中,采用对角线5点取样,分别调查转植酸酶玉米、蠡玉35玉米和郑单958玉米剖秆后其靶标害虫亚洲玉米螟,包括每株玉米植株的蛀孔数和玉米螟数量,收集秸秆内的玉米螟并同样进行生长发育、生理生化及肠道菌群多样性指标测定,实验结果表明转植酸酶玉米对大田中玉米螟的上述指标无显著性影响。
[Abstract]:The safety of genetically modified food has always been a major obstacle to the promotion of genetically modified food. Genetically modified crops need to be tested in many aspects. In the long-term cultivation of transgenic crops, the proteins expressed by foreign genes can enter the food chain through corn grains and straw and accumulate and enrich them. In 2010, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has independently developed a grain crop transgenic corn with independent intellectual property rights, which has many advantages, such as improving feed nutrition efficiency, reducing phosphorus pollution, reducing production cost and so on. At present, there are no reports on the biological effects of transphylase corn on related insects at home and abroad. In this study, the parent Liyu 35 and the conventional corn variety Zheng Dan 958 were fed as the control, from the growth and development, biochemical reaction, The effects of transphylase corn planting on the biology of silkworm and corn borer were studied in three aspects of intestinal microbial diversity. This enriches the theoretical research on ecological security of transgenic plants, and can also provide the basis for the rational planting of transgenic corn with phytase gene, which has important theoretical and practical significance. The results were as follows: (1) 10TPY005 pollen of transgenic phytase corn and non-transphytase parent corn pollen were fed to silkworm for three ages, respectively, from the growth and development of silkworm (including survival rate, body weight, etc.) Food utilization rate) and biochemical reactions (including protein content in vivo, three detoxification enzyme activities and two protective enzyme activities) and their intestinal microbial diversity analysis were measured. In order to study the effect of transphylase corn planting on insect silkworm (Bombyx mori). The results showed that there was no significant difference in the above indexes between the transgenic silkworm fed with phytase corn pollen and the parent corn pollen feeding group and the blank control group. That is to say, transphytase corn did not cause obvious damage to normal physiological activity and biochemical reaction of Bombyx mori. (2) the corn kernels of transgenic phytase corn 10TPY005, its parent corn Liyu 35 and non-transgenic corn Zhengdan 958 were fed to Asian corn borer for 3 generations, and their growth and development (including survival rate, body weight) and biochemical reaction (including protein content in body) were fed. The activities of three detoxification enzymes and two protective enzymes) and their intestinal microbial diversity were determined in order to study the effect of transphylase corn planting on the body of Asian corn borer, a corn target pest. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the above indexes between the corn borer and the parent corn kernel and the non-transgenic corn borer group. That is to say, transphytase corn had no significant effect on normal physiological and biochemical indexes and intestinal microbial diversity in corn borer. (3) in the field experiment, 5 diagonal sampling was used to investigate the target pests of Asian corn borer, including the number of borer holes and the number of corn borer per plant, after cutting out the culm of transgenic phytase corn, Liyu 35 corn and Zhengdan 958 corn, respectively. the results showed that the rice borer was the target pest of Asian corn borer, including the number of borer holes and the number of corn borer per plant. The growth and development, physiology, biochemistry and intestinal flora diversity of corn borer in straw were also measured. The results showed that transphylase corn had no significant effect on the above indexes of corn borer in the field.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S513

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