纯电动乘用车选择性产业政策成效分析——对产业政策制定与执行的启示

发布时间：2018-01-13 14:45

本文关键词：纯电动乘用车选择性产业政策成效分析——对产业政策制定与执行的启示　出处：《中国科技论坛》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：近年来,学术界和政策界关于产业政策的成效利弊开展了激烈讨论,但对产业政策的讨论只有放到特定经济社会背景与具体的制定和实施背景下才有参考意义。中国2009年以来采用选择性产业政策推动新能源汽车产业的发展就为这样的讨论提供了鲜活案例。国家产业政策制定者通过一系列选择性较强的产业政策来影响纯电动乘用车的技术选择和市场路径。我们的研究发现,在纯电动乘用车这个关键的细分技术领域中,国家政策支持的产业路径经过曲折过程才逐渐得到市场认可,同时其限制的路径也发展出了庞大规模。实证分析发现这个现象的产生主要有两方面原因:(1)资金投入的加大并不能有效缩短技术性能由低到高的改进过程,在技术发展应用初期设置过高的性能指标,可能需要以牺牲新技术的经济性为代价来实现;(2)政策对部分市场主体的歧视,反而会为其创造出不受政策约束的"执行真空",这虽然有助于包容不同于传统技术的经济特性,同时有可能也纵容了市场的无序发展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the pros and cons of industrial policy have been discussed intensively in academic and policy circles. However, the discussion of industrial policy is of great significance only under the specific economic and social background and the specific formulation and implementation background. Since 2009, China has adopted selective industrial policies to promote the development of new energy automobile industry. National industrial policy makers influence the technical choice and market path of pure electric passenger cars through a series of highly selective industrial policies. In the field of pure electric passenger car which is a key subdivision technology, the industry path supported by national policy is gradually recognized by the market after a tortuous process. At the same time, the path of restriction has also developed on a large scale. Empirical analysis shows that there are two main reasons for this phenomenon: 1). The increase of capital investment can not effectively shorten the improvement process of technical performance from low to high. Setting too high performance index in the early stage of technology development and application may need to be realized at the expense of the economy of new technology. (2) Policy discrimination against some market players creates an "implementation vacuum" that is not subject to policy constraints, although it helps to accommodate economic characteristics that differ from traditional technologies. At the same time, it may also connive at the disorderly development of the market.
【作者单位】：清华大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家发改委咨询研究课题:新时期我国国家竞争战略研究
【分类号】：F426.471
【正文快照】： 1引言新能源汽车作为中国七大战略性新兴产业之一,自2009年以来一直是中央和地方政府的重点关注和扶持对象。国家围绕新能源汽车的发展和推广制定了一系列的产业政策,希望用新能源汽车替代传统燃油汽车,解决汽车使用所带来的空气污染问题;同时,也希望通过发展新能源汽车产业,

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