西欧电力发展回顾与展望

发布时间：2018-01-15 00:23

本文关键词：西欧电力发展回顾与展望　出处：《中国电力》2017年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：20年前,欧洲位于能源和电力行业的前沿。在20世纪90年代,电力充足,价格合理,欧洲成为大型工业企业的所在地,这些企业通常都是各行业的领导者和世界级的电力企业。然而今天的欧洲正在失去这一优势。与其他主要竞争国家相比,欧洲现在的电力成本更高,工业组织规模正在缩小,其电力企业也正面临困难。为何会产生这样的反转?自20世纪90年代起,建立欧洲电力市场时的"自下而上"的方法被"自上而下"的逻辑所取代。一个单一模式被应用于所有国家,欧盟委员会利用竞争与环境的手段来解决电力议题。过去20年来,在抽象及缺乏系统化的观念指导下,欧洲在碳排放、竞争力以及工业发展方面取得的成效非常令人失望。通过回顾西欧电力史,不仅能够了解这种变迁,并且能够为未来提供经验反馈。
[Abstract]:Twenty years ago, Europe was at the forefront of the energy and electricity industries. In 1990s, with sufficient electricity and reasonable prices, it became the home of large industrial enterprises. These companies are often industry leaders and world-class power companies. Today, however, Europe is losing this advantage. Europe now has higher power costs than other major competitors. The size of the industrial organization is shrinking and its power companies are facing difficulties. Why is there such a reversal? Since 1990s, the "bottom-up" approach to the establishment of European electricity markets has been replaced by "top-down" logic. A single model has been applied to all countries. The European Commission has used competition and the environment to address electricity issues. For the past 20 years, Europe has been emissioning carbon under the guidance of abstract and unsystematic ideas. Competitiveness and industrial development have been very disappointing. By looking back at the history of electricity in Western Europe, we can not only understand this shift, but also provide empirical feedback for the future.
【作者单位】：法国电力集团;
【分类号】：F416.61
【正文快照】： 0引言纵观欧洲建设发展史,统一与多元并存,欧洲的电力亦不例外。回顾欧洲各国电力发展历程,可谓同中有异、异中有同,同异皆有缘由。重温历史汲取教训,无论是对构建欧盟能源一体化,还是对重振欧洲建设都不无裨益。1 1880—1920年:欧洲电力发展初期1.1电力成为西方国家“意识想

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