基于中美专利比较的我国电动汽车产业技术发展研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 19:51

本文选题：电动汽车产业 + 技术发展　；参考：《南京理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着能源短缺、环境污染问题的日益严重,电动汽车凭借其环保、节能的特点受到越来越多的关注。2009年以来,我国汽车产销量均排名世界第一,庞大的汽车保有量给环境与能源造成了巨大的压力。因此,发展电动汽车产业对于保障我国能源安全、提升环境质量、进而实现可持续发展具有重大现实意义。电动汽车产业涉及技术种类繁多,且不同技术的发展水平大相径庭。因此,结合我国国情和电动汽车技术自身的特点,制定合理的技术发展战略,是我国电动汽车产业发展的重要保障。美国早在上世纪70年代就将电动汽车产业提升到国家战略层面,已形成较为完善的产业体系,且作为全球最大的电动汽车市场,日本、德国等电动汽车强国的车企均在美国布局了大量的专利,一定程度上代表了全球电动汽车产业最先进的技术发展水平。本文基于专利信息对中美两国电动汽车产业技术发展的历程及趋势进行研究,比较两国技术演化的差异,对于我国制定电动汽车产业技术发展战略具有重要的参考价值。本文以我国电动汽车产业为研究对象,将美国电动汽车产业作为参照,基于专利文本挖掘技术,结合IPC分布情况对中美两国不同时间段电动汽车的技术热点与演化趋势进行识别和分析,纵向研究我国自身电动汽车产业技术发展的过程,横向比较两国技术发展的差异。研究结果显示,近年来,我国电动汽车产业发展迅速,产业链逐步完善;非核心技术领域创新能力强,在零部件制造、装配等领域申请了大量专利;核心技术领域的研发起步较晚,专利数量较少;产业集中度低,没有形成技术寡头企业。在中美专利比较分析的基础上,结合SWOT分析法,总结我国电动汽车产业自身的优势、劣势和外部环境的机会、威胁,从政府、产业和企业三个层面为我国制定电动汽车产业技术发展战略提出以下建议:近期应重点发展插电式混合动力汽车,将燃料电池汽车作为中长期发展目标;设立电池基础研究扶持基金,重点资助电池电极材料、电解质材料等基础技术的研发;组建产业技术创新战略联盟,形成区域产业集群,集中力量突破产业核心技术;构建锂离子电池专利联盟,避免企业陷入专利丛林;企业和高水平大学组建产学研联盟,降低企业研发成本;利用后发优势,强化国外锂离子电池先进技术的引进消化吸收再创新。
[Abstract]:With the shortage of energy and the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, more and more attention has been paid to electric vehicles with the characteristics of environmental protection and energy saving. Since 2009, China's automobile production and sales have ranked first in the world.The huge amount of cars has put great pressure on the environment and energy.Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop electric vehicle industry to ensure energy security, improve environmental quality and realize sustainable development in China.Electric vehicle industry involves a wide variety of technologies, and the level of development of different technologies vary greatly.Therefore, it is an important guarantee for the development of electric vehicle industry to formulate a reasonable strategy of technology development according to the national conditions of our country and the characteristics of electric vehicle technology itself.As early as the 1970s, the United States promoted the electric vehicle industry to the national strategic level, forming a relatively perfect industrial system, and as the largest electric vehicle market in the world, Japan,The automobile enterprises of Germany and other powerful electric vehicle countries have distributed a large number of patents in the United States, which to some extent represents the most advanced technology development level of the electric vehicle industry in the world.Based on the patent information, this paper studies the history and trend of the technology development of electric vehicle industry between China and the United States, and compares the differences of technology evolution between the two countries. It has important reference value for China to formulate the technology development strategy of electric vehicle industry.This paper takes the electric vehicle industry of our country as the research object, takes the American electric vehicle industry as the reference, based on the patent text mining technology,Combined with the distribution of IPC, this paper identifies and analyzes the technical hotspots and evolution trends of electric vehicles in China and the United States in different periods, studies the technological development process of our country's own electric vehicle industry vertically, and compares the differences of technology development between the two countries horizontally.The research results show that in recent years, the electric vehicle industry in China has developed rapidly, the industrial chain has been gradually improved, the innovation ability in non-core technology field has been strong, and a large number of patents have been applied in the fields of parts manufacturing and assembly, etc.The research and development of core technology started late, the number of patents was less, the degree of industrial concentration was low, and no oligopoly of technology was formed.On the basis of comparative analysis of patents between China and the United States, combined with SWOT analysis, this paper sums up the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats from the government of China's electric vehicle industry.The following suggestions are put forward in the three aspects of industry and enterprise: in the near future, we should focus on the development of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, taking fuel cell vehicles as the medium and long-term development goals;Establish the battery basic research support fund, focus on the battery electrode materials, electrolyte materials and other basic technology research and development; set up a strategic alliance of industrial technology innovation, form a regional industrial cluster, concentrate on breaking through the industrial core technology;To build a patent alliance for lithium ion batteries to avoid falling into the patent jungle; to set up an industry, university and research alliance with high-level universities to reduce R & D costs; and to take advantage of the advantages of latecomer.To strengthen the introduction of advanced technology of lithium ion batteries abroad, digestion, absorption and innovation.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.471

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