石化企业环境管理绩效评价指标体系的构建与应用

发布时间：2018-05-16 23:29

本文选题：HSE + 石化企业　；参考：《上海应用技术大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：石化行业的生产过程,具有高湿高压、易燃易爆的工艺特点,部分产品有毒有害,且废水、废气、固体废弃物的排放种类多、数量大、成份复杂,需要的环境容量较大,容易出现环境安全问题。环境质量的好坏,不仅影响石化企业的正常运行,而且会影响到员工的身心健康。特殊的生产工艺特征,还使石化企业面临比较大的“邻避冲突”风险。石化企业需要在扩大生产规模与员工身体健康、设备安全运行以及环境保护这样的多重矛盾中做出选择。实施健康、安全和环境管理体系(以下简称HSE),使解决这些矛盾成为可能。提升安全生产、绿色生产的意识,建立健全企业的健康、安全和环境管理制度,提高企业环境质量,是实施HSE管理体系进行环境管理的最终目的。在国家和企业自身的大力推动下,石化企业的环境管理已经初见成效。对环境管理绩效进行评价,是实施HSE管理体系的内在要求,也是检查HSE管理体系在石化企业实施成效的重要方法。但是如何建立合适的指标体系,确保环境管理绩效评价的客观性和实用性,是实施HSE管理体系应深入研究的问题。在总结传统绩效评价指标体系的基础上,本文根据目前石化企业HSE管理体系对环境管理的要求,依据可持续发展、邻避、企业社会责任、利益相关者等相关理论和石化企业的生产特点,综合考虑影响石化企业环境质量的内外因素,筛选形成了包含3个一级指标、9个二级指标、28个三级指标的环境管理绩效评价指标体系。通过层次分析法,确定了各分级指标的权重,使得设计出的评价指标体系具有较强的针对性和可操作性。运用所建立的评价指标体系,对南京两家石化企业2015年的环境管理绩效作了综合评价。分析评价结果,可以得出结论:两家公司在环境管理上都投入了较大精力,在企业生产经营过程和环境管理过程中,注重环境、经济、社会的协调发展,综合表现良好。A公司的治理指标值和效率指标值均为8.87, B公司的治理指标值和效率指标值均为8. 67;效率指标中权重较大的单位耗能产值比率和能源有效利用率,A公司均为2. 32,B公司均为2. 27。为了提高单位耗能产值比率和能源有效利用率,从环境管理中获得较高的经济收益和社会效益,针对石化企业今后的环境管理工作,本文提出如下建议:一是持续改进生产工艺,从源头上降低能耗、提高企业的能源使用水平。二是不断加大环保投入,力争实现生产过程能源消耗和污染排放的全程检测和控制。三是深入推进节能降耗,建立企业有效的能源管理和环境管理组织体系,增加新能源的使用比例。四是加快推进资源综合利用,大力倡导、推行循环经济和清洁生产,提高“三废”的综合利用水平。
[Abstract]:The production process of petrochemical industry has the characteristics of high humidity and high pressure, flammable and explosive. Some products are poisonous and harmful, and there are many kinds of waste water, waste gas and solid waste, such as large quantity, complex components and large environmental capacity. Environmental safety problems are easy to occur. The environmental quality not only affects the normal operation of petrochemical enterprises, but also affects the physical and mental health of employees. The special characteristics of production process also make petrochemical enterprises face the risk of avoiding conflict. Petrochemical enterprises need to choose between the expansion of production scale and the health of employees, the safe operation of equipment and environmental protection. The implementation of health, safety and environmental management systems (HSEs) makes it possible to resolve these contradictions. Improving the consciousness of safe production and green production, establishing and perfecting the health, safety and environment management system of enterprises, and improving the environmental quality of enterprises are the ultimate goals of implementing HSE management system to carry out environmental management. Under the impetus of the country and the enterprises themselves, the environmental management of petrochemical enterprises has achieved initial results. Evaluating the performance of environmental management is the inherent requirement of implementing HSE management system, and it is also an important method to check the effectiveness of HSE management system in petrochemical enterprises. However, how to establish an appropriate index system to ensure the objectivity and practicability of environmental management performance evaluation is a problem that should be deeply studied in the implementation of HSE management system. On the basis of summing up the traditional performance evaluation index system, according to the requirements of HSE management system for environmental management in petrochemical enterprises at present, this paper bases on sustainable development, adjacent avoidance, corporate social responsibility. Relevant theories such as stakeholders and the production characteristics of petrochemical enterprises are taken into account synthetically the internal and external factors that affect the environmental quality of petrochemical enterprises. The index system of environmental management performance evaluation was formed, which included 3 first class indexes, 9 second class indexes and 28 third grade indexes. Through the analytic hierarchy process, the weight of each grade index is determined, which makes the evaluation index system have strong pertinence and maneuverability. The environmental management performance of two petrochemical enterprises in Nanjing in 2015 was comprehensively evaluated by using the evaluation index system. By analyzing the evaluation results, we can draw the conclusion that the two companies have invested more energy in the environmental management, and have paid attention to the coordinated development of the environment, economy and society in the process of production and operation of the enterprises and in the environmental management process. The comprehensive performance. A company's governance index value and efficiency index value are both 8.87, B company's governance index value and efficiency index value are both 8. 7. The ratio of unit energy consumption to output value and the efficiency of energy utilization in the efficiency index are both 2. 5%. 32B companies are all 2. 5%. 27. In order to improve the ratio of unit energy consumption to output value and the efficiency of energy utilization, and to obtain higher economic and social benefits from environmental management, this paper aims at the future environmental management of petrochemical enterprises. The following suggestions are put forward in this paper: one is to continuously improve the production process, reduce energy consumption from the source, and improve the energy use level of enterprises. Second, increasing environmental protection investment to realize the whole detection and control of energy consumption and pollution emission in production process. Third, promote energy conservation and reduce consumption, establish an effective energy management and environmental management organization system, and increase the proportion of new energy use. Fourth, speed up the comprehensive utilization of resources, vigorously advocate, promote recycling economy and cleaner production, and improve the comprehensive utilization level of the "three wastes."
【学位授予单位】：上海应用技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.72

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