V汽车公司环境与安全综合风险评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 11:27

本文选题：环境因素 + 危险源　；参考：《东南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：风险评价及风险控制是现代企业项目管理的重要支撑技术,核心目的是使企业尽量避免或减小损失,将威胁转化为机会,实现良性发展。最近十年以来,伴随环境污染事件、安全事故及职业性疾病带来的负面效应越来越突出,环境和职业健康安全相关的风险评价与控制对于企业的生存与发展显得越来越重要。目前绝大多数企业对于环境和职业健康安全的风险管理是基于已建立的IS014001环境管理体系和OHSAS18001职业健康安全管理体系的基础上进行和开展,环境因素和危险源的风险评价形成了两种相对独立,又高度相似的评价体系。但是,当前国内外的文献理论大多分别针对环境因素和危险源的风险评价的方法优化展开研究,很少涉及综合风险评价体系的理论研究。因此,如何开发和设计一个适用于企业的环境和安全风险综合评价方法,具有极其重大的现实意义。本文在综合分析国内外研究现状的基础上,以V汽车公司的生产经营活动为研究对象,借鉴化工工艺的风险评价模型,建立基于改进"道化学指数评价法"理论的企业环境因素和危险源风险综合评价模型,揭示环境和职业健康安全风险管理的内在联系,为企业准确评价风险,并采取应对措施提供决策的重要依据。论文将主要从以下三个方面展开:1、通过查阅相关文献资料,研究环境因素和危险源在风险识别和风险评价方面的相关性和相异性,发现在风险识别方面,二者具有较高的相似度和可融合性,具备综合识别的可行性;在风险评价方面,国内的研究结果主要集中在以下三个方面,一是以安全风险评价为基础,融入环境风险评价的内容,二是特定行业的环境安全风险矩阵法的建立,三是化工工业的危险物质环境安全风险评价模型。这三个方面的研究表明,当前成熟的环境和安全风险综合评价方法主要研究对象是化学物质,这为进一步开发适用于汽车工业的综合风险评价模型奠定了基础;2、通过对综合风险评价方法的选择所考虑因素的分析、适用性分析来确定综合风险评价方法的设计原则,并比较现有化工工业综合风险评价方法的优缺点,得出结论:采用基于"道化学指数评价法"理论进行改进的综合风险评价模型是项目管理风险管理理论在化工工业的延伸和扩展,可作为V汽车公司的环境因素和危险源风险综合评价法;3、采用基于"道化学指数评价法"理论进行改进的方法作为V汽车公司的环境因素和危险源风险综合评价法的研究,包括基础系数(BF)、工艺危险系数(PF)和技术补偿系数(C)的设计,定量风险评价公式的设计及风险等级划分准则的定义三个核心内容。该方法系数的设计原则充分结合了汽车工业的行业特性和V公司的实际情况,风险评价的准确度较好,值得在汽车工业进行推广。两大环境和安全管理体系工具都将进行标准的版本更新和升级,两大标准均要求组织更加注重风险管理和控制的方法,强调创新和持续改进;其次,强调管理体系的融合性,即未来组织的管理体系都将采用相同的框架结构和基本要素,未来趋势是鼓励企业建立环境因素和危险源的整合识别与评价的方法,以提高企业管理效率,减少不必要的浪费。企业无论是为了应对环境管理体系和职业健康安全管理体系新版标准的变化,还是出于提高自身风险管理水平的考虑,进行企业环境因素和危险源风险评价体系整合与优化的理论研究,具有重要的研究价值与现实意义。但是,目前由于仅有化工与化学品相关行业,以及电镀、硫酸等具有重大环境安全隐患的行业对环境和安全综合风险评价方法提出了明确要求,其它行业,如汽车、机械制造、电子等传统行业几乎没有建立环境和职业健康安全综合风险评价制度的成熟方案和案例。本文建议,各行业和企业应尽快开展环境和安全综合评价体系的策划和实施工作,以应对新标准的变化并不断提高风险管理水平。
[Abstract]:Risk assessment and risk control are important support technologies in modern enterprise project management. The core purpose is to make enterprises avoid or reduce losses as much as possible and transform threats into opportunities and achieve benign development. In the last ten years, the negative effects of environmental pollution incidents, safety accidents and occupational diseases have become more and more prominent, environment and occupation. Risk assessment and control related to health and safety are becoming more and more important for the survival and development of enterprises. At present, the risk management of environmental and occupational health and safety in most enterprises is based on the established IS014001 environmental management system and the OHSAS18001 occupational health and safety management system. Risk assessment of hazard sources has formed two relatively independent and highly similar evaluation systems. However, most of the current literature theories at home and abroad are focused on the optimization of the methods of risk assessment for environmental and hazard sources, and rarely involve the theory of the comprehensive risk assessment system. Therefore, how to develop and design a suitable application for the development and design of the risk assessment system. The comprehensive evaluation method of enterprise environment and safety risk is of great practical significance. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of the current research situation at home and abroad, this paper takes the production and operation activities of V automobile company as the research object and draws on the risk evaluation model of chemical technology, and establishes the enterprise environment based on the improved "Road chemical index evaluation method" theory. The comprehensive evaluation model of risk factors and risk sources reveals the internal relationship between the risk management of environment and occupational health and safety, and provides an important basis for the enterprise to evaluate the risk accurately and take measures to provide decision-making. The thesis will be mainly carried out from the following three aspects: 1, through consulting relevant documents, the paper studies the environmental factors and risk sources in the risk knowledge. The correlation and dissimilarity between the risk assessment and the risk assessment show that in the risk identification, the two have high similarity and fusion, and have the feasibility of comprehensive identification. In the risk assessment, the domestic research results are mainly concentrated in the following three aspects, one is based on the safety risk assessment and is integrated into the environmental risk assessment. The two is the establishment of the risk matrix method of environmental safety in specific industries and the three is the risk assessment model of hazardous material environmental safety in chemical industry. The study of the three aspects shows that the main research object of the comprehensive evaluation method of the present mature environment and safety risk is the chemical material, which is to further develop the comprehensive wind suitable for the automobile industry. The risk evaluation model lays the foundation; 2, through the analysis of factors considered in the selection of comprehensive risk evaluation methods, the applicability analysis to determine the design principles of the comprehensive risk evaluation method, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the existing synthetic risk evaluation method of chemical industry, and draw a conclusion that the improvement of the theory based on the "Road chemical index evaluation method" is improved. The comprehensive risk evaluation model is the extension and expansion of the project management risk management theory in the chemical industry. It can be used as the comprehensive evaluation method of the environmental factors and risk sources risk of V automobile company. 3, the improved method based on the theory of "Road chemical index evaluation" is adopted as the comprehensive evaluation method of environmental factors and risk sources risk of V Automobile Company The research includes the basic coefficient (BF), the design of the technological risk coefficient (PF) and the technical compensation coefficient (C), the design of the quantitative risk assessment formula and the definition of the risk grade division criterion. The design principle of this method fully combines the industry characteristics of the automobile industry and the actual situation of the V company, and the accuracy of the risk assessment. Well, it is worth promoting in the automobile industry. The two major environmental and safety management system tools will be updated and upgraded by standard versions. The two major standards require organizations to pay more attention to risk management and control, emphasize innovation and continuous improvement. Secondly, the integration of management systems will be emphasized, that is, the management system of future organizations will be adopted. With the same framework and basic elements, the future trend is to encourage enterprises to establish an integrated identification and evaluation method of environmental factors and hazard sources so as to improve the efficiency of enterprise management and reduce unnecessary waste. The theoretical research on the integration and optimization of the enterprise environmental factors and risk assessment system is of great value and practical significance. However, the environment and safety of the industry, such as chemical and chemical related industries, and electroplating, sulfuric acid, etc. The comprehensive risk assessment method has put forward a clear requirement. Other industries, such as automobiles, machinery manufacturing, electronics and other traditional industries, have hardly established the mature plans and cases of the comprehensive risk assessment system for environmental and occupational health and safety. This paper suggests that the industry and enterprises should plan and implement the comprehensive evaluation system of environment and safety as soon as possible. Work to cope with changes in new standards and continuously improve risk management levels.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.471

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