外资进入对我国零售业的影响及对策探讨

发布时间：2018-07-04 11:11

本文选题：外资 + 零售业　；参考：《天津师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年来,经济全球化进程不断深化。我国作为世界上最大的发展中国家已经在世界经济大舞台中扮演着重要角色。高速发展的经济和不断扩大的消费市场吸引了大量外商投资,而零售业作为销售终端已经成为外商投资的宠儿。外资零售业的大规模进入使得我国零售业的国际化进程不断加快,自1992年对外开放以来,我国零售行业对外开放的领域逐渐放宽。渐进式的开放策略为国内本土零售企业发展壮大自己提供了足够的时间和余地,同时也满足了外资零售企业进入中国市场的要求。中国政府于2004年12月11日取消了外资零售企业在地域、股权、数量等各方面的限制条件,这标志着我国零售业已经进入全面开放时代。到目前为止,零售业已经成为我国开放程度最高的领域之一。外资零售企业的进入,一方面使得我国国内零售企业取得了巨大进步,企业规模、信息化水平得到了极大提高,我国零售市场的业态形式也变得丰富多彩：另一方面,历史和文化等的影响导致我国国内零售企业在很多方面与外资零售企业存在巨大差距,本土零售企业遭受一定的冲击在所难免,我国本土零售企业将会面临前所未有的生存和竞争压力。随着外资零售企业的大规模进入,国内关于外资进入我国零售业影响的讨论很多,也有很多专家学者针对如何应对外资进入提出了宝贵的意见和策略。尽管关于外资对我国零售业影响的认识存在很大分歧,但我们仍然要对其做一个全面的分析,继而通过对中外零售企业的对比分析,寻找两者之间存在的差距,并据此提出针对性的策略措施。本文以外资零售业进入中国为研究课题,从相关概念出发,运用定性分析与图标分析相结合的方法,并通过对比中外零售企业在企业规模、市场集中度、组织形式、信息化水平、品牌影响力方面的差距,较为系统地研究了外资进入对我国零售业的影响,并提出了相应地应对措施。全文共分为六个部分：第一部分是导论,主要介绍了本文的研究背景和研究意义、研究现状、相关概念的界定、研究方法以及创新点；第二部分主要介绍外资进入中国零售市场的历程及动因,介绍了改革开放以来外资零售企业在中国的发展情况,继而分析外资零售企业选择进入中国市场的内外部原因,指出在未来很长的一段时间内,外资还会大规模的选择进入中国市场,作为本土零售企业更应从自身出发,提升自己的竞争力；第三部分主要对比中外零售企业在企业规模、市场集中度、组织形式、信息化水平、品牌影响力方面的差距,找出本土零售企业的不足；第四部分着重介绍外资进入对我国零售业所带来的正反两方面的影响,外资零售企业在进入中国市场后在一定程度上会对中国零售业的发展产生积极影响,但我们更应该着重分析外资进入对我国零售企业带来的威胁和挑战,争取在与狼共舞中谋求发展；第五部分为我国零售业的发展提供对策与建议,政府应该从宏观角度制定有利于本土零售企业发展的法律政策,本土零售企业本身应该积极寻找差距,弥补自己的不足,并结合自身情况准确定位,寻找适合自己的发展道路；第六部分是结论,从我国零售业全面开放近10年的历程来看,只要本土零售企业找到适合自己的发展道路,不断提升自己的竞争力,完全能够与外资零售企业相抗衡。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the process of economic globalization has deepened. As the largest developing country in the world, China has played an important role in the world economic stage. The rapid development economy and the expanding consumer market have attracted a large number of foreign investment. As a sales terminal, the retail industry has become the favorite of foreign investment. The large-scale entry of the sale industry has accelerated the internationalization of the retail industry in China. Since the opening of the outside world in 1992, the field of opening up of the retail industry in our country has been gradually relaxed. The gradual opening policy provides enough time and room for the domestic retail enterprises to develop and expand themselves, and also satisfies the foreign retail enterprises. In the Chinese market, in December 11, 2004, the Chinese government cancelled the restrictions on the areas, equity and quantity of foreign retail enterprises, which marked the full opening of the retail industry in China. So far, the retail industry has become one of the most open range in our country.
On the one hand, the entry of foreign retail enterprises has made great progress in China's domestic retail enterprises, the scale of enterprises and the level of information have been greatly improved, and the form of the retail market in our country has become rich and colorful: on the other hand, the influence of history and culture on China's domestic retail enterprises in many aspects and foreign retail enterprises in China. There is a huge gap between the industry and the local retail enterprises. The local retail enterprises will face the unprecedented pressure of survival and competition. With the large-scale entry of foreign retail enterprises, there are many discussions on the impact of foreign investment on the retail industry in China, and many experts and scholars are aiming at how to deal with foreign investment. In spite of the great differences in the understanding of the impact of foreign investment on China's retail industry, we still have to do a comprehensive analysis of it, and then through the comparative analysis of Chinese and foreign retail enterprises, we will find the gap between the two and put forward strategic measures accordingly.
In this paper, we take the foreign retail trade into China as the research topic, starting from the related concepts, using the method of combining qualitative analysis and icon analysis, and comparing the gap between Chinese and foreign retail enterprises in enterprise scale, market concentration, organization form, information level and brand influence, and systematically studies the entry of foreign capital to China. The influence of selling industry is put forward and corresponding measures are put forward. The full text is divided into six parts:
The first part is the introduction, which mainly introduces the background and significance of the research, the research status, the definition of the related concepts, the research methods and the innovation points. The second part mainly introduces the process and motivation of foreign investment into China's retail market, and introduces the development of foreign retail enterprises in China since the reform and opening up. The internal and external reasons for the choice of the retail enterprises to enter the Chinese market point out that in a long period of time, the foreign capital will also enter the Chinese market in a large scale. As a local retail enterprise, it should start from itself and improve its competitiveness. The third part mainly compares the size of the enterprises, the market concentration, the group of the retail enterprises in China and foreign countries. In the fourth part, the fourth part focuses on the positive and negative impact of foreign investment on China's retail industry. After entering the Chinese market, foreign retail enterprises will have a positive impact on the development of China's retail industry, but I have a positive impact on the development of Chinese retail industry. We should focus on the analysis of the threat and challenge of foreign investment into China's retail enterprises and strive for development in the dance with wolves. The fifth part provides countermeasures and suggestions for the development of China's retail industry. The government should formulate legal policies that are beneficial to the development of local retail enterprises from a macro perspective. The local retail enterprises should accumulate their own products. Looking for the gap, making up for its own shortcomings, and combining with its own situation accurately, looking for its own development path. The sixth part is the conclusion, from the overall opening of the retail industry in China for nearly 10 years, as long as the local retail enterprises find their own development path and constantly improve their competitiveness, they can be completely free from foreign investment. The sale of enterprises is counterbalanced.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F724.2;F832.6

【参考文献】