小额贷款公司经营效率研究

发布时间：2018-02-07 15:50

本文关键词： 小额贷款公司全要素生产率成本效率利润效率　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：长期以来,由于受我国城乡二元化发展格局等诸多因素的影响,我国农村金融市场存在的金融抑制、金融服务供给不足等问题难以得到根本解决。近年来,随着我国新型城镇化进程的不断推进,国家大力推行供给侧改革,先后出台了一系列金融体制改革政策,力求从金融服务供给端入手改善农村金融生态环境,使得金融资源更好的服务于“三农”经济发展。自2006年国家放宽和鼓励新型农村金融机构设立和发展以来,小额贷款公司、村镇银行、资金互助社等民间资本参与的新型金融机构实现了较快的发展,但由于农业本身的高风险性和民间资本的短期逐利性,近年来部分小额贷款公司在经营过程中也暴露出目标偏移的“离农化”发展趋势以及经营效率不高、内部控制不佳等缺陷,不利于小额贷款公司的可持续性发展以及实现“支农扶贫”的政策初衷。基于这一现实背景,本文从能够反映小额贷款公司整体投入产出效率的全要素生产率以及测量成本控制与利润创造能力的成本效率和利润效率出发以研究小额贷款公司的经营效率。本文以中国小微金融研究院对全国范围内部分小额贷款公司的跟踪调查数据,选取部分样本2011-2014年的面板数据,首先采用随机前沿分析与Malmquist指数相结合的方法对小额贷款公司的全要素生产率及其构成进行了实证测算;其次使用随机前沿分析法对小额贷款公司的成本效率和利润效率水平进行了测算,并进一步实证分析了这两种效率的影响因素,验证了贷款余额、贷款结构、不同的区域差异等对小额贷款公司成本控制与利润创造的影响机制,并结合研究结论,针对性的提出了提高小额贷款公司经营效率的政策建议。本文的研究内容安排如下:第一章,导论。主要介绍了研究背景、研究目的、研究意义以及相关研究内容的国内外研究动态、研究方法与技术路线以及论文可能的创新之处。第二章,小额贷款公司经营效率评价的理论与方法。主要介绍了经营效率的定义与分类以及常见的实证分析测量方法。第三章,当前小额贷款公司发展现状和存在问题。介绍了我国近年来小额贷款公司以及新型农村金融机构的发展现状、地区间对比分析以及存在的主要问题。第四章,小额贷款公司全要素生产率及其分解。根据研究样本2011-2014年的面板数据,采用SFA-Malmquist方法对样本小贷公司的全要素生产率进行了测算与分解,并进行了地区间小额贷款公司的比较分析。第五章,小额贷款公司成本效率和利润效率及其影响因素分析。根据研究样本2011-2014年的面板数据,采用BC(1995)模型,对小额贷款公司的成本效率和利润效率及其影响因素进行了实证分析,检验了有关因素对小额贷款公司成本控制与利润创造能力的影响作用。第六章,研究结论与对策建议。主要总结了论文的研究结论,并结合现有情况提出了相应的对策建议。
[Abstract]:For a long time, due to the influence of many factors, such as the dual development pattern of urban and rural areas in our country, the problems of financial suppression and insufficient supply of financial services in rural financial markets in China are difficult to solve at all in recent years. With the development of new urbanization in our country, the country has vigorously carried out supply-side reform, and has successively introduced a series of financial system reform policies to improve the rural financial ecological environment from the supply side of financial services. Since 2006, the state has relaxed and encouraged the establishment and development of new rural financial institutions. Since the establishment and development of new rural financial institutions, microfinance companies, village banks, New types of financial institutions involving private capital, such as mutual aid unions, have achieved rapid development. However, due to the high risk of agriculture itself and the short-term profit-driven nature of private capital, In recent years, some micro-credit companies have also exposed the development trend of "off-farm" in the course of operation, as well as the shortcomings of inefficient operation and poor internal control. It is not conducive to the sustainable development of microfinance companies and the original intention of realizing the policy of "supporting agriculture and helping poor people". This paper studies the operating efficiency of microfinance companies from the aspects of total factor productivity which can reflect the overall input-output efficiency of microfinance companies and the cost efficiency and profit efficiency of measuring cost control and profit creation ability. This paper uses the tracking data of some microfinance companies in China from the China Institute of small and Microfinance. The panel data of some samples from 2011-2014 are selected. Firstly, the total factor productivity (TFP) and its composition of microfinance companies are measured empirically by the combination of stochastic frontier analysis and Malmquist index. Secondly, the cost efficiency and profit efficiency of microfinance companies are measured by stochastic frontier analysis, and the influencing factors of these two efficiency are further analyzed, and the loan balance and loan structure are verified. The impact mechanism of different regional differences on the cost control and profit creation of microfinance companies, and combined with the conclusions of the study, The research content of this paper is as follows: the first chapter, introduction. Mainly introduces the research background, research purpose, The significance of the research, the research trends at home and abroad, the research methods and technical routes, and the possible innovations of the paper. Chapter two, This paper mainly introduces the definition and classification of operational efficiency and the common empirical analysis and measurement methods. This paper introduces the current situation of the development of microfinance companies and new rural financial institutions in China in recent years, as well as the regional comparative analysis and main problems. Chapter 4th, According to the panel data of the sample from 2011 to 2014, the total factor productivity of the sample small loan company is measured and decomposed by SFA-Malmquist method. In chapter 5th, cost efficiency and profit efficiency of microfinance companies and their influencing factors are analyzed. According to panel data from 2011 to 2014, BCC1995) model is used. This paper makes an empirical analysis on the cost efficiency, profit efficiency and influencing factors of microfinance companies, and tests the effect of relevant factors on the cost control and profit creation ability of microfinance companies. Chapter 6th, The research conclusions and countermeasures are summarized, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward according to the existing situation.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.39;F830.42

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