金融类上市公司在职消费与盈余管理的关系研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 11:58

本文选题：金融行业 + 在职消费　；参考：《西华大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在财务会计领域的研究中,盈余管理已经成为一个热门话题,国内外学者越来越热衷于坚持对盈余管理的研究。经过深入的研究分析,产生盈余管理有两个必要条件:一个是指契约摩擦,另一个是指沟通摩擦。如果委托人和代理人之间没有产生摩擦,双方之间的沟通也完全透明,那么委托人能够充分了解并且能够使用信息,信息不对称的情况就不会发生,盈余管理也就不可能存在。金融行业是一个关系国计民生的特殊行业,在各国一直都占据着重要地位。我国是世界上最大的储蓄国,金融在我国的地位举足轻重,随着国内经济实力的不断增强,国民经济得到突飞猛进的发展,金融业变得越来越有影响力。然而无论是哪一个行业都存在着在职消费和盈余管理的行为,虽然近年来有大量文献研究在职消费,同时也有不少的文献致力于研究盈余管理,但是研究在职消费和盈余管理的关系的文献非常的少,同时研究金融行业在职消费与盈余管理关系的成果更是几乎空白。从上个世纪80年代开始,盈余管理成为了国内外研究的一门热点课题,沟通摩擦和契约摩擦是产生盈余管理的原因。由于股东和管理层之间产生了契约摩擦,沟通交流不透明,股东不能充分了解和掌握有用的信息,盈余管理在信息不对称的情况下产生。上市公司通过随意选择、变更和利用会计政策来操纵应计利润,损害了中小股东的利益,对中小投资者造成了巨大的损失,影响了资本市场的健康发展。金融行业已经成为国民经济的重要组成部分,其在职消费、盈余管理等问题亦存在,且渐渐引起人们关注。金融行业上市公司高管在职消费和盈余管理之间有着密切的联系。当高管不满足于自己的固定薪酬的时候,就会选择在职消费来提高自己的收益,追求自身效益最大化,这就有损了公司的利益和效益,这个时候高管为了粉饰报表就会利用信息不对称的漏洞采取盈余管理的方式。通过研究金融类上市公司在职消费与盈余管理的管理可以充分了解金融业盈余管理的动机以及在职消费与盈余管理的内在联系。运用回归分析法对金融类上市公司在职消费与盈余管理的关系研究,得出主要结论是:公司列示到财务报表中的费用类科目,例如客户招待费和公司的办公费还有出差的差旅费披露得比较多,但是其他费用几乎没有列示,在职消费的边界较为模糊,在职消费的隐匿性以及列示的模糊性为公司高层管理决策者提供了能够通过主观意志进行支配的机会,从而进行盈余管理,损害公司的利益;公司高层管理决策者在职消费水平越高,盈余管理的水平也就越高;高管滞后一期的在职消费水平越高,公司当期的盈余管理程度就越高;相对于非国有企业,国有企业的管理决策水平和在职消费的水平越高,盈余管理的程度就越高。所以,政府监管部门应对金融类上市公司加强宏观管理,强化外部监督,减少因信息不对称而造成的公司高层管理者为消除在职消费对公司业绩带来的负面影响而进行的盈余管理,充分发挥证监会的作用,多方面要求企业进行信息披露,完善信息披露的范围,严厉惩罚未按规定进行披露的企业,从而预防盈余管理的产生。同时还需要建立健全会计制度以及公司治理的结构,只有建立健全完善的高质量的会计制度,才能够避免上市公司在非货币性交易、关联交易、资产重组等上面有较大的操作空间,公司的财务信息也将更加透明化,使得使用财务信息的各方投资人都能够获得较为准确的信息,避免盈余管理的程度加深。与同类研究成果相比,在研究内容和切入点上有所创新,但也存在一些不足,如在职消费计量的科学性有待证明,样本偏少等。
[Abstract]:In the field of financial accounting, earnings management has become a hot topic. Scholars at home and abroad are increasingly keen on the study of earnings management. After in-depth research and analysis, there are two necessary conditions for generating earnings management: one refers to contract friction and the other refers to communication friction. There is friction, and the communication between the two sides is also completely transparent, so the client can fully understand and be able to use information. The information asymmetry will not happen, the surplus management can not exist. The financial industry is a special industry which is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood, and has always occupied an important position in all countries. China is the world The largest savings country, finance plays an important role in our country. With the continuous enhancement of the domestic economic strength, the national economy has been developing rapidly and the financial industry has become more and more influential. However, no matter which industry has the behavior of on-the-job consumption and earnings management, although there have been a large number of literature research in recent years, there has been a large number of research on the job. At the same time, there are a lot of literature devoted to the study of earnings management, but the literature on the relationship between on-the-job consumption and earnings management is very small. At the same time, the results of studying the relationship between on-the-job consumption and earnings management in the financial industry are almost blank. From the beginning of the 80s last century, surplus management has become a hot topic at home and abroad. Problem, communication friction and contract friction are the causes of earnings management. Because of the contract friction between the shareholders and the management, the communication is not transparent, the shareholders can not fully understand and grasp the useful information. The earnings management is produced under the information asymmetry. The listed companies are free to choose, change and use accounting policies to exercise. The profit of the longitudinal accrual is damaging the interests of the small and medium shareholders, causing huge losses to the small and medium investors and affecting the healthy development of the capital market. The financial industry has become an important part of the national economy, and its on-the-job consumption and earnings management have also existed, and it has gradually aroused people's attention. There is a close relationship between fee and earnings management. When executives are not satisfied with their fixed salary, they will choose on-the-job consumption to improve their income and pursue their own benefit maximization. This will damage the interests and benefits of the company. At this time, the executive will use information asymmetry loopholes to take advantage of the surplus in order to whitewash the report. By studying the management of the on-the-job consumption and the earnings management of the financial listed companies, we can fully understand the motivation of the earnings management of the financial industry and the internal relations between the on-the-job consumption and the earnings management. The main conclusion is that the company is using the regression analysis method to study the relationship between the on-the-job consumption and the earnings management of the listed companies of the financial class. The cost categories listed in the financial statements, such as the customer's hospitality and the company's office and travel expenses, are much more disclosed, but the other costs are almost not shown, the boundary of the incumbency consumption is relatively vague, the concealment of the incumbency consumption and the fuzziness of the listed companies are provided for the top management decision makers of the company. The higher the level of on-the-job consumption, the higher the level of earnings management, the higher the level of the incumbency consumption of the senior executives, the higher the earnings management of the company in the current period; the management of the state-owned enterprises relative to the non-state-owned enterprises. The higher the level of policy-making and on-the-job consumption, the higher the degree of earnings management. Therefore, the government regulators should strengthen macro management, strengthen external supervision, and reduce the surplus of senior managers of companies to eliminate the negative impact of on-the-job consumption on corporate performance caused by information asymmetry. Management, giving full play to the role of the SFC, requires enterprises to disclose information, improve the scope of information disclosure, punish the enterprises which are not disclosed in accordance with the regulations, and prevent the production of earnings management. At the same time, we need to establish and improve the accounting system and the structure of corporate governance, and only establish a sound and perfect high quality accounting. The system can avoid the larger operating space of the listed companies in non monetary transactions, related transactions, assets reorganization and so on. The financial information of the company will be more transparent, so that all investors who use financial information can obtain more accurate information and avoid the deepening of earnings management. Compared with the same research results, There are some innovations in research contents and pointcuts, but there are still some shortcomings, such as the scientific nature of on-the-job consumption measurement and the lack of samples.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.3;F830.42

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