某市政工程成本控制方法与实证研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 19:09

本文关键词：某市政工程成本控制方法与实证研究　出处：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着国民经济的快速发展，我国城镇化进程也不断加快，广州市政府大量进行市政工程等大型基础设施的建设。当前我国建筑企业在市政工程项目成本管理和控制方面，存在成本意识薄弱、制度不健全、缺乏可操作性的控制方法、管理水平不高等问题，造成成本支出较大，资源浪费，整体效益偏低的现象。如何有效地控制市政项目工程造价、控制工程项目成本，成为人们关注的重点。本文针对市政工程项目成本管理过程中存在的问题进行分析和探讨，提出相应的建议和对策。市政工程与其他工程相比有其自身的特点：投资主体一般是政府或政府占主导地位，属于民生和政绩工程；项目处在人口密集，交通压力大的城区，施工场地狭窄和里程较长；协调关系较多，涉及征地拆迁、管线迁改等问题；包含工程项目较多，如道路、桥梁、交通、照明、绿化、管道、给排水工程等。研究表明，构成市政工程项目成本主要有材料费、人工费、机械使用费、管理费、措施费等直接成本和间接成本。本文就开发大道与志诚大道立交工程项目成本实证研究，利用偏差分析法、ABC分类法、因素分析法及价值工程等方法对工程成本可以进行管理和控制。该工程施工中出现的问题主要包括：人员窝工、机械闲置，材料浪费，管理成本增加等现状。本工程计划成本为7097.73万元，针对以上问题采取了具体的措施和建议，包括通过项目成本责任制、限额领料制度、分包制度和权、责、利相结合制度等，实际成本为6548.91万元，实现项目实际成本少于计划成本的效果，节约工程项目成本7.7%。如何有效地控制这些成本，成为本文论证的重点。项目全过程成本阶段包括投资决策、设计、招投标、施工、竣工阶段，项目实施最重要的成本控制应在施工阶段，选择最有效的控制方法，，实现项目成本控制目的。本文最终探讨工程项目质量、工期、成本之间的关系，在保证质量的前提下确定降低成本的合理工期，这为建筑业企业的成本控制规范化、科学化、制度化提供较好的理论依据和控制方法。因此，本文对政府进行项目投资和施工企业进行工程项目成本控制具有一定借鉴和参考意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the national economy, China's urbanization process is also accelerating. Guangzhou government has carried out a large number of municipal engineering and other large-scale infrastructure construction. At present, our construction enterprises in the municipal project cost management and control, there is a weak sense of cost, the system is not perfect. Lack of operational control methods, management level is not high, resulting in large cost expenditure, waste of resources, low overall efficiency. How to effectively control the municipal project cost. To control the cost of engineering projects has become the focus of attention. This paper analyzes and discusses the problems existing in the process of cost management of municipal engineering projects and puts forward corresponding suggestions and countermeasures. Compared with other projects, municipal projects have their own characteristics: the main investment is generally the government or the government occupies the leading position, belonging to the people's livelihood and performance projects; The project is located in the urban area where the population is dense and the traffic pressure is high, the construction site is narrow and mileage is long; There are many coordination relations, involving land requisition and removal, pipeline relocation and other issues; Include more projects, such as roads, bridges, traffic, lighting, greening, plumbing, water supply and drainage projects. The research shows that the cost of municipal engineering project mainly includes material cost, labor fee, machine usage fee and management fee. Direct cost and indirect cost, etc. In this paper, the ABC classification method is used to analyze the project cost of development road and Zhicheng Boulevard interchange project. Factors analysis and value engineering methods can be used to manage and control the cost of the project. The main problems in the construction of the project include: workers, idle machinery, waste of materials. The plan cost of the project is seventy million nine hundred and seventy-seven thousand and three hundred yuan. To solve the above problems, concrete measures and suggestions have been taken, including the project cost responsibility system and the quota material collection system. The actual cost of the subcontract system and the system of combination of right, responsibility and benefit is sixty-five million four hundred and eighty-nine thousand and one hundred yuan, which realizes the effect that the actual cost of the project is less than the planned cost. How to effectively control these costs has become the focus of this paper. The whole cost stage of the project includes investment decision, design, bidding, construction, completion stage. The most important cost control of project implementation should be in the construction stage, select the most effective control method to achieve the purpose of project cost control. This paper finally discusses the relationship among the quality, duration and cost of the project, and determines the reasonable time limit to reduce the cost under the premise of ensuring the quality, which is standardized and scientific for the cost control of the construction enterprises. Institutionalization provides a good theoretical basis and control method. Therefore, this paper has some reference significance for government to carry out project investment and construction enterprise to carry out project cost control.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU99;TU723.3

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