反铲液压挖掘机工作装置结构与性能一体化设计研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 18:13

本文关键词：反铲液压挖掘机工作装置结构与性能一体化设计研究　出处：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：液压挖掘机是一种非常重要的和常用的施工机械，它在采矿、道路建设、国防建设、农业灌溉和其他土方施工中占有十分重要的地位。随着我国在建设基础设施上的投资不断增加，挖掘机在国家的现代化建设中扮演着越来越重要的角色。所以，重视挖掘机的发展，加快挖掘机的创新，不断提高产品质量，对国家的现代化建设有着重要的意义。工作装置是液压挖掘机的重要组成部分，工作装置的质量极大的影响整机的质量。所以对工作装置的强度分析及优化设计将直接影响到液压挖掘机的可靠性、安全性和工作性能。针对用有限元软件分析结构强度不便于实现结构优化自动循环的局限性及液压挖掘机性能优化的复杂性，本文提出对反铲液压挖掘工作装置结构与性能一体优化的研究。本课题主要的研究工作包含如下几个方面： ①分析总结了反铲液压挖掘机工作装置的结构形式和挖掘特点；通过运动分析，建立了挖掘机工作装置的运动学模型及力学模型，求解了工作装置上各个铰点的位置坐标及理论挖掘力；最终完成了在考虑偏载和侧向力的工况下对各个铰点的受力分析。 ②运用材料力学的方法，利用VB编制液压挖掘机工作装置强度分析软件，，通过软件可以求出动臂和斗杆各个截面的最大应力；然后通过实例分析，分别用自编软件计算动臂、斗杆的强度与有限元分析的强度对比。分析对比结果，自编软件计算的结构强度与商用有限元软件分析结果一致。 ③在验证了自编程序分析工作装置强度正确性的基础上，通过现代设计优化方法，以动臂和斗杆的质量最轻为优化目标，其结构参数作为设计变量，再以其强度不降低为约束条件对动臂和斗杆进行结构优化，并利用VB编制优化程序。通过实例优化设计，将优化前与优化后的结果对比。分析对比结果，优化后动臂和斗杆的质量减轻。 ④以降低工作装置质量同时提高挖掘性能为优化目标，在工作装置结构优化的基础上，结合原有的液压挖掘机性能优化软件进行多目标组合优化。并利用VB编制液压挖掘机结构与性能一体优化软件，最后通过实例分析优化，对比优化前与优化后的结果。分析对比结果，优化后动臂和斗杆的质量减轻；挖掘机的挖掘性能提高。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic excavator is a very important and common construction machinery , it plays a very important role in mining , road construction , national defense construction , agricultural irrigation and other earthwork construction . As our country ' s investment in construction infrastructure increases continuously , the excavator plays a more and more important role in the modernization construction of the country . Therefore , it is of great significance to the development of the excavator , to speed up the innovation of the excavator , to improve the quality of the product and to improve the modernization of the country . The working device is an important part of the hydraulic excavator , and the quality of the working device greatly affects the quality of the whole machine . Therefore , the strength analysis and optimization design of the working device will directly affect the reliability , safety and working performance of the hydraulic excavator . Aiming at the limitation of structural optimization automatic cycle and the complexity of performance optimization of hydraulic excavator by using finite element software , this paper puts forward a study on the optimization of structure and performance of hydraulic excavator . The main research work includes the following aspects : The structural form and the mining characteristics of the working device of the back - shovel hydraulic excavator are analyzed and summarized ; the kinematics model and the mechanical model of the working device of the excavator are established through the motion analysis ; the position coordinates and the theoretical digging force of each hinge point on the working device are solved ; and the stress analysis of each hinge point is finished under the condition of considering the partial load and the lateral force . ( 2 ) Using the method of material mechanics , using VB to compile the strength analysis software of the working device of the hydraulic excavator , the maximum stress of each section of the movable arm and the bucket rod can be determined through the software ; and then , the strength of the bucket rod and the strength of the finite element analysis are calculated by using the self - compiled software . The comparison result is analyzed , and the structural strength calculated by the self - compiled software is consistent with the analysis result of the commercial finite element software . ( 3 ) On the basis of verifying the correctness of the strength of the self - compiled program analysis work device , the optimization objective is optimized by modern design optimization method . The structural parameters of the movable arm and the bucket rod are optimized as design variables , and the optimization program is worked out by using VB . Through the instance optimization design , the optimization is compared with the optimized result . The comparison result is analyzed , and the quality of the rear boom and the bucket rod is optimized . in ord to reduce that quality of the work device and improve the mining performance as the optimization objective , the optimization of the multi - objective combination is carried out on the basis of the optimization of the work device structure , and the optimization software of the structure and performance of the hydraulic excavator is developed by using VB , and finally , the optimization is optimized through an example , the quality of the rear boom and the bucket rod is optimized , and the digging performance of the excavator is improved .

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU621

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