利用废瓷制备卫生陶瓷的研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 01:27

  本文关键词： 废瓷 回收利用 卫生陶瓷 硅酸锆 乳浊釉　出处：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：废瓷日益增多、利用率低、污染环境等一系列的负面影响日益突出，废瓷的回收利用对陶瓷工业的可持续发展具有重要意义。 本文分析了卫生陶瓷废瓷的各项理化性能，结果显示：废瓷引入不会对坯体组成造成不良影响，但需配以细颗粒多、可塑性好、保水性好的二次粘土以减少废瓷给料浆性能带来的不利影响。同时其Fe、Ti含量高，将使瓷坯白度很差，需高遮盖能力的乳浊釉，以获得良好的外观品质，提高产品档次。本文研究了废瓷、钠长石、乌土、球土对卫生陶瓷料浆及瓷坯性能的影响，确定了坯体的基础配方为（wt%）：废瓷29.7，，钠长石7.9，乌土7.9，西坑泥22.8，球土29.7，烧滑石2.0。通过正交实验研究了各工艺因素下的试样性能，结果表明：对抗折强度影响的主次顺序分别为：烧成温度＞球磨时间＞保温时间，优化工艺为：球磨时间45min，烧成温度1200℃，保温时间60min。优化工艺条件下：瓷坯致密度高，未见明显气孔，晶相生长良好，具有较高的抗折强度（70MPa）和较低的吸水率（0.30）。 其次，采用四角配料法对釉料的SiO2、Al2O3含量，三角配料法对釉料的CaO、MgO、ZnO含量进行调试，研究表明：试样17、18、19釉层光滑，乳浊粒子皆为硅酸锆，部分由硅酸锆残留颗粒引起，部分来自熔体中析出的硅酸锆晶体，釉面的乳浊来自二者的共同作用。试样18釉层中乳浊粒子粒径小且数量多，形态均匀地分散于釉层玻璃中，白度92.17，光泽度88.3。釉18、19的热膨胀系数小于坯体，为正釉，热稳定性好。Mg2+和Zn2+离子含量高可使熔体的高温粘度增大，釉面出现针孔或橘釉；而ZnO掺量过多，釉面容易开裂，这可能与部分ZnO结晶有关。适当增加ZnO，硅酸锆含量增加，光泽度提高；MgO含量的较高，可降低硅酸锆含量，增大熔体的表面张力，降低釉层的光泽度。CaO即能与坯反应，又能与釉反应，有利于提高坯釉适应性和热稳定性。最终确定：釉式中，n(SiO2)3.69mol、n(Al2O3)0.34mol、 n(CaO)0.35mol、n(MgO)0.18mol、n(ZnO)0.18mol，釉面白度93.43，光泽度89.6，坯釉适应性及热稳定性好。
[Abstract]:A series of negative effects, such as increasing of waste porcelain, low utilization rate and pollution of environment, are becoming increasingly prominent. The recycling and utilization of waste porcelain is of great significance to the sustainable development of ceramic industry. The physical and chemical properties of sanitary ceramic scrap are analyzed in this paper. The results show that the introduction of waste porcelain does not have any adverse effect on the composition of the body, but it needs more fine particles and better plasticity. The secondary clay with good water retention can reduce the adverse influence of the properties of the waste porcelain feed slurry. At the same time, the high content of Feo Ti will make the glaze with poor whiteness and high covering ability, so as to obtain good appearance quality. In this paper, the effects of waste porcelain, albite, black soil and ball soil on the properties of sanitary ceramic slurry and ceramic billet were studied. The basic formula of the billet was determined as follows: waste porcelain 29.7. Albite 7.9, Wutu 7.9, Xikeng mud 22.8, spherical soil 29.7, burning talc 2.0. The properties of the samples under various technological factors were studied by orthogonal experiment. The results show that the primary and secondary order of the effect of bending strength is sintering temperature > ball milling time > holding time. The optimized process is: ball milling time 45 min, firing temperature 1200 鈩

本文编号：1464262