江南园林声景主观评价及设计策略

发布时间：2018-02-20 04:46

本文关键词： 江南园林声景学主观评价设计策略　出处：《浙江大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：园林是我国人居环境的重要组成部分,也是具有人文价值的旅游资源。江南园林作为中国园林的主要分支之一,其声环境越来越受到管理者和使用者重视。江南园林本身已包含独特的声景营造。然而随着社会发展和园林功能性质改变,园林内外的声环境和使用者对园林声景的主观评价标准也发生变化,需要通过现代声景设计加以合理改进。如何在保护园林原始声学美的前提下设计出符合现代使用者需求的江南园林声景,同时发掘江南园林传统的声景设计手法来指导现代园林建设,是本文研究的主要着眼点。本文按照环境特征将江南园林分为自然山水园和人工山水园两大类型。为了研究江南园林声景的普适性特点,选择杭州、苏州、扬州三个城市的十个园林作为调查对象。通过文献收集、现场勘察、问卷调查和数理统计等多种方法,主要从主观评价角度探讨了江南园林声景的现状和改进方法,从声景学三要素角度探讨了江南园林声景设计手法,并最终整合出江南园林声景设计导则。研究主要涉及以下三个方面：解析江南园林声景学三要素。基于现有声景影响要素的研究成果,总结出适宜江南园林声景的三个影响要素：“声音”、“环境”和“人”,阐述声景学三要素的具体含义及相互作用,调研并解析江南园林声景三要素。环境要素包括空间环境和时间环境,人要素包括人文因素和个人因素,声要素包括响度和声源类型,由此形成江南园林声景客观数据库。在此基础上,将声景设计分为声音设计、环境设计和人文设计三种类型,并总结了每种设计类型具体的设计手法。构建江南园林声景主观评价体系。声景主观评价是园林中游客体验的真实反映,分为整体声景评价和各类声源单独评价两个层次,包括评价指标确立、现场数据收集、评价体系建构三个研究阶段。采用声景漫步和室内试验的形式确立了最终评价指标“满意度”,整体声景的八组分项语义评价指标和各类声源的三个分项评价指标,以及评价指标的影响因素。采用现场问卷调查的方式形成江南园林声景主观数据库。通过统计分析两类园林数据,形成整体声景主观评价结构图,声源功能分类、评价指标得分和相关性。编制江南园林声景设计导则。根据声景主观评价体系和声景设计手法,总结出两类江南园林的声景设计导则。导则分为整体声景设计和各类声源单独设计两个层次。选择“湖滨晴雨”和“个园”作为两类园林的案例,详细解析园林现状,并根据江南园林声景设计导则进行改进设计,从而证明导则的可行性。本文的创新点主要表现在：1)构建了“评价指标-整体声景-各类声源”的声景主观评价体系；2)编制了江南园林声景设计导则；3)提出了一种基于三要素理论的声景设计方法
[Abstract]:Landscape architecture is an important part of human settlement environment in our country, and also a tourist resource with humanistic value. As one of the main branches of Chinese gardens, the garden in the south of the Yangtze River is one of the main branches of Chinese gardens. Its sound environment is paid more and more attention to by managers and users. Jiangnan garden itself has already contained unique sound scene construction. However, with the development of society and the change of garden function, The sound environment inside and outside the garden and the subjective evaluation criteria of the users to the landscape sound scene have also changed. How to design the sound scene of Jiangnan garden in accordance with the needs of modern users under the premise of protecting the original acoustic beauty of the garden, At the same time, it is the main focus of this paper to explore the traditional acoustic landscape design techniques to guide the construction of modern gardens. In this paper, Jiangnan gardens are divided into natural landscape gardens and artificial landscape gardens according to their environmental characteristics. In order to study the universal characteristics of the acoustic landscape of Jiangnan gardens, Hangzhou and Suzhou are chosen. Ten gardens in three cities of Yangzhou are the objects of investigation. Through literature collection, on-the-spot investigation, questionnaire investigation and mathematical statistics, this paper mainly discusses the present situation and improvement methods of landscape soundscape in Jiangnan from the angle of subjective evaluation. From the angle of three elements of soundscape science, this paper discusses the design methods of the landscape sound scene in the south of the Yangtze River, and finally integrates the design guidelines of the landscape sound scene in the south of the Yangtze River. The research mainly involves the following three aspects:. Analysis of the three elements of landscape science in Jiangnan. Based on the research results of the existing factors of acoustic landscape influence, This paper summarizes the three factors that are suitable for the sound landscape of Jiangnan garden: "sound", "environment" and "man", and expounds the concrete meaning and interaction of the three elements of soundscape science, including: "sound", "environment" and "man". The environmental elements include spatial environment and time environment, the human factor includes humanistic factor and individual factor, and the sound element includes loudness and sound source type. On this basis, the sound scene design is divided into three types: sound design, environment design and human design, and the concrete design methods of each design type are summarized. The subjective evaluation system of landscape soundscape in the south of the Yangtze River is a true reflection of the visitors' experience in the garden, which is divided into two levels: the whole soundscape evaluation and the individual evaluation of various kinds of sound sources, including the establishment of evaluation indexes and the collection of field data. The evaluation system is constructed in three stages. The final evaluation index "satisfaction" is established in the form of sound scene walking and indoor test, eight groups of sub-semantic evaluation indexes of the whole sound scene and three sub-evaluation indexes of all kinds of sound sources are established. The subjective database of landscape soundscape in the south of the Yangtze River is formed by the way of on-the-spot questionnaire investigation. Through the statistical analysis of two kinds of garden data, the subjective evaluation structure chart of the whole soundscape and the classification of sound source function are formed. Evaluation index score and relevance. According to the subjective evaluation system of soundscape and the design method of soundscape, the design guidelines of landscape soundscape in the south of the Yangtze River are worked out. This paper summarizes the sound landscape design guidelines for two types of gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. The guidelines are divided into two levels: the overall sound scene design and the individual design of various kinds of sound sources. "Lake shore sunny and rainy" and "individual gardens" are selected as the cases of the two types of gardens, and the present situation of the gardens is analyzed in detail. According to the sound landscape design guidelines of Jiangnan landscape, the feasibility of the guidelines is proved. The innovation of this paper is mainly manifested in: (1) constructing the subjective evaluation system of sound scene of "evaluation index-whole sound scene-all kinds of sound sources". (2) compiling the design guideline of sound scene of Jiangnan garden. (3) putting forward a sound scene design method based on the theory of three elements.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU986

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