福利视野下的城市老年人居住对策研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 05:58

本文关键词： 社会福利老年人居住福利制度政策法规设计策略老年社区老年住宅　出处：《天津大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前中国正经历着快速老龄化的深刻变革，在“未备先老”的现实国情下，传统家庭养老模式的日渐瓦解和社会养老资源的供需失衡使得老年人居住问题愈发严峻，如何保障老年人有尊严地安享晚年，并真正实现“住有所居”成为亟待解决的首要课题。老年人居住问题不是老年人自身的问题，而是一个社会的缩影。本文突破建筑科学领域以往从个体需求角度出发的物质空间形态研究的局限，从社会福利视角出发，自上而下地对城市老年人居住问题的根本动因、形成机制和解决路径进行系统性研究。论文首先对社会福利和老年人居住相关概念及理论作出归纳和辨析，对有代表性国家（地区）的福利模式特征、老年人居住政策沿革及建筑类型划分进行国际比较，梳理其在不同福利制度指导下差异化的应对策略和实践路径，归纳共通的发展趋势及经验成果。在理论结合实践的基础上，建立基于福利思想的城市老年人居住对策体系框架，明确各个要素间的必然联系及其作用形式。其后，分别从福利制度、政策法规、设计策略三个方面针对我国实际情况展开论述。在传统福利文化影响下，中国现代社会福利制度的“补残型”特征明显，，养老主体定位不清是目前存在问题的制度根源。在“适度普惠型”福利改革背景下，本文厘清了老年人社会福利的基本思路，对家庭、国家、市场和非政府组织等养老主体重新定位；通过我国涉老政策法规的系统研读，在政策导向与建设实践间建立应有联系，明确我国政策导向的方向选择，并对起到直接推动作用的居住政策和包括养老保障、长期照护、以房养老等相关配套政策法规作出合理化建议；在设计策略方面，养老设施布局、道路交通、公共空间等规划要素是城市积极应对老龄化的重要内容。社区作为老年人居住生活的基本载体，应在明确老年社区规划基本原则下，对新建社区、既有社区更新及社区照护等方面加以综合考虑。通过对设施类型、设计标准、居住标准、运营方式的多角度分析，厘清现有规范中老年住宅的模糊定义，对老年人居住建筑的类型划分作出合理定位。最后，论文对解决我国城市老年人居住问题的对策建议作出归纳总结。该研究不仅弥补了我国老年人居住研究体系中宏观影响要素的缺失，而且为规划建筑领域的设计实践提供了切实的理论依据。
[Abstract]:At present, China is undergoing a profound change of rapid aging. Under the reality of "old age before preparation", the disintegration of traditional family pension model and the imbalance between supply and demand of social endowment resources make the living problem of the elderly more and more serious. How to ensure the elderly to enjoy their old age with dignity and to truly realize "living and living" has become an urgent task to be solved. The problem of living for the elderly is not a problem of the elderly themselves, but a microcosm of a society. This paper breaks through the limitations of the study of material space form in the field of architectural science from the perspective of individual demand, and sets out from the perspective of social welfare. This paper systematically studies the basic motivation, formation mechanism and solution path of urban elderly's housing problem from top to bottom. Firstly, the paper induces and discriminates the concepts and theories related to social welfare and the elderly's residence. This paper makes an international comparison of the welfare pattern characteristics of representative countries (regions), the evolution of the elderly housing policy and the classification of the building types, and combs the different coping strategies and practical paths under the guidance of different welfare systems. On the basis of combining theory with practice, this paper establishes the framework of urban elderly housing countermeasure system based on welfare thought, and clarifies the inevitable relation between each element and its function form. It discusses the actual situation of our country from three aspects: welfare system, policy and regulation, design strategy. Under the influence of traditional welfare culture, the feature of "supplement disabled type" of Chinese modern social welfare system is obvious. Under the background of "moderately inclusive" welfare reform, this paper clarifies the basic thinking of the social welfare of the elderly, the family, the country, Through a systematic study of the policies and regulations concerning the elderly in our country, we should establish a proper link between the policy orientation and the construction practice, and make clear the direction of our country's policy direction. And to directly promote the role of housing policies and including old-age security, long-term care, housing old-age care and other related policies and regulations to make rational recommendations; in the design strategy, old-age facilities layout, road traffic, Public space and other planning elements are the important contents of urban active response to aging. As the basic carrier of the elderly's living and living, the community should be established on the basis of defining the basic principles of the elderly community planning. By analyzing the types of facilities, design standards, living standards and operation methods, we can clarify the fuzzy definition of the existing norms for the middle and old age housing, through the comprehensive consideration of the existing community renewal and community care, and through the multi-angle analysis of the types of facilities, the design standards, the living standards, and the operation mode. The classification of residential buildings for the elderly to make a reasonable location. Finally, The paper summarizes the countermeasures and suggestions to solve the residential problems of the elderly in China. This study not only makes up for the lack of macro factors in the residential research system of the elderly in China. Moreover, it provides a practical theoretical basis for the design practice in the field of planning and construction.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D669.6;TU984.12

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