梁思成学术实践研究（1928-1955）

发布时间：2018-02-28 06:51

本文关键词： 梁思成学术实践建筑史　出处：《南开大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：梁思成是近代中国最著名的建筑学家之一,其学术实践活动涉及建筑史研究、文物建筑保护、建筑教育、建筑设计、城市规划、艺术史研究等多个领域,亦取得了丰硕的成果,堪称一代宗师。 1930年代,梁思成以中国营造学社为学术平台,全身心地投入到学术实践之中,在开创性的古建筑调查与研究中,逐渐理清了中国古代建筑的发展脉络,其多项研究成果赢得了国内外学术界的广泛赞誉。新中国成立前后,梁思成积极参与新政权创建工作,编制《全国重要建筑文物简目》,审定国歌、国旗方案,组织设计国徽,这些活动不仅使梁思成得以充分发挥其学识和能力,而且赢得了新政权的信任。进入1950年代之后,梁思成积极参与国家建设,在北京城市规划、文物建筑保护、探索建筑的民族形式实现路径等领域表现出了一名学者高度的社会责任感和前瞻意识,并努力构建以“梁陈方案”为中心的北京旧城保护及未来发展范式,但由于其观点不被新政权所认可,其学术思想亦受到质疑与批判,学术实践屡遭挫折,在不断的自我反省与学术批判中逐渐失去学术话语权,亦失去学术研究的活力和创造力。1955年之后,梁思成基本上再未开展大的创新性的学术实践。梁思成一生还创办了两个大学的建筑系,即东北大学建筑系和清华大学建筑系,是近代中国建筑教育的开拓者,其对建筑教育的理解和改革,对中国建筑人才的培养产生了积极而深远的影响。本文以1928年至1955年期间梁思成的学术实践为研究对象,重点讨论5个方面的问题：一是梁思成与中国营造学社研究,研究重点是梁思成与中国营造学社从传统到现代的转型的关系,中国营造学社转型的过程及典型做法,梁思成及中国营造学社在古建筑研究领域取得的成就；二是梁思成与近代中国的高等建筑教育,研究重点是梁思成早期建筑教育思想,建国前后梁思成的建筑教育理念变革及实践；三是梁思成与新政权的创建,研究重点是梁思成对新政权的选择及其政治参与意识的转变,梁思成与新中国国歌、国旗方案的审定和国徽、人民英雄纪念碑的设计；四是梁思成与新中国的城市建设与文物建筑保护,研究重点是梁思成与北京城市规划及北京文物建筑保护；五是梁思成与建国初期的建筑民族形式问题,研究重点是梁思成“大屋顶”建筑理念的转变。
[Abstract]:Liang Sicheng is one of the most famous Chinese modern architecture, architectural history relates to its academic activities, cultural relics protection, architectural education, architectural design, city planning, many areas of art history research, has achieved fruitful results, was the master.
In 1930s, Liang Sicheng to China Building Society for academic platform, devote themselves to academic practice, in pioneering ancient building survey and research, gradually sort out the development of Chinese ancient buildings, the number of research results has won wide acclaim from domestic and foreign academic circles.
Before and after the new Chinese was established, Liang Sicheng actively participate in the new regime to create work, formulate "national important cultural relics building item >, approved the national anthem, flag, national emblem design organization, these activities not only allowed Liang Sicheng to give full play to their knowledge and ability, but also won the trust of the new regime. In 1950s, Liang Sicheng actively participate in national construction. In Beijing city planning, architectural heritage protection, to explore the construction of the national form of the realization of the path of the field shows a scholar of social responsibility and foresight, and strive to build a model of Beijing old city protection and development in the future to Chen Liang plan" as the center, but the view is not recognized by the new regime. The academic thoughts have also been questioned and criticized, the academic practice of repeated setbacks, gradually lose the power of the academic discourse in self reflection and academic criticism constantly, also lose academic research After.1955 years of vitality and creativity, Liang Sicheng did not carry out big innovative academic practice.
In his lifetime, Liang Sicheng also founded two university architecture departments, namely Northeastern University architecture department and Tsinghua University architecture department. He is a pioneer in modern Chinese architecture education. His understanding and reform of architectural education has a positive and profound influence on the training of Chinese architectural talents.
Based on the academic practice of Liang Sicheng during the period from 1928 to 1955 as the research object, focuses on 5 aspects: one is Liang Sicheng and China building society research, research is focused on Liang Sicheng and Chinese building society to the modern transformation of the relationship from the traditional process, society transition and typical practice of China building, Liang Sicheng and China building society made in the research field of ancient architectural achievements; two is the higher education of Liang Sicheng and modern Chinese, focuses on Liang Sicheng's early ideas of architectural education, before and after the founding of Liang Sicheng's concept of Architectural Education Reform and practice; the three is the creation of Liang Sicheng and the new regime, the focus of the study was Liang Sicheng to the new regime choice and the political participation consciousness shift China, Liang Sicheng and the new national anthem, flag program validation and emblem, design the monument to the people's heroes; the four is Liang Sicheng and the new China The key points of urban construction and preservation of cultural relics are Liang Sicheng and Beijing's urban planning, and the preservation of Beijing's cultural relics. Five, the problem of building national form of Liang Sicheng and the early days of the founding of PRC. The focus of the study is the transformation of Liang Sicheng's "big roof" architectural concept.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU-092

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