基于FPGA的智能电梯控制系统设计

发布时间：2018-03-01 01:00

本文关键词： 电梯控制系统 FPGA Verilog 指纹识别技术　出处：《成都理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：课题基于FPGA的智能电梯控制系统设计，针对我国城市化发展步伐加快，高层建筑及公共场所中对电梯需求快速增加的现实，对电梯的核心控制电路部分进行了研究。注意到我国电梯的输出量年均增涨率一直保持在35%以上，今后很长的时间里仍会是全球电梯设备的制造核心和最大的电梯使用国家，年总生产值超过上千亿人民币，但我国自主品牌只占30%的市场比例,且大多数电梯在安全管理及智能化方面存在不足。为改变这种现状，探索一种低功耗、智能化、高效、舒适安全的电梯系统，尤其在保证合法人员正常到达特定楼层，非相关人员不能停靠该楼层，实现不同楼层间物理隔离的目的，现提出了一种采用指纹识别技术来实现电梯自动上下和开关门的设计方案。其特点是使电梯只在指纹对应层停留，外来人员和非相关人员不能打开其指纹未被设置楼层的电梯门，从而使位于不同楼层的住户或公司间不会形成干扰，给用户营造一种更加私人化的空间,因此具有较好的创新性。采用UP TO DOWN的模块化的设计方式，针对目前电梯控制部分的用户使用铵钮较多，控制部分时有故障发生的问题，提出采用开发周期短、设计成本低，设计灵活，稳定性高等优点的Altera公司的CycloneⅡ系列的FPGA芯片技术来改善电梯控制系统性能的方案。通过Verilog-HDL硬件描述语言完成系统各功能的设计，包括电梯控制器模块、虚拟电梯模块、信号输入模块、状态显示模块。电梯控制系统的主要要求为：（1）实现作为电梯控制系统的基本功能，响应电梯内外所有的按键请求，包括轿厢内的请求指令和外部呼叫箱的召唤指令，所有指令将被自动存储至寄存器内，并按照运行方向优先性原则，依次响应，直至执行完成后指令消除；（2）外呼控制开关装置中，起始层由指纹识别器来控制电梯门开关，与原有录入指纹库的指纹信息进行指纹匹配，控制电梯直接到达设定的楼层，达到隔离各楼层空间，减少无关人员进入的目的，中间层外呼系统均有上下行按钮，顶层只设下行按钮；（3）电梯控制系统可根据指令需求，自行判定运行方向，比如同一时间段内，同时存在上下行运行信号时，电梯会优先响应相同方向的指令信号，完成后自动响应反方向的运行指令；（4）如果当前轿厢指令和外呼指令都不存在时，电梯会在设定的时间内自行关闭电梯门和轿厢照明系统，重新回到等待状态。论文的研究工作主要体现在如下几个方面：第一，对FPGA技术和指纹识别技术进行了研究，并以此为基础进行了电梯控制核心部分电梯控制器的设计，，包括按键消抖处理、指纹识别解析、楼层判断、运行状态检测、上下行控制、开关门控制、状态显示、超重报警、照明装置等部分；电梯控制器模块内部采用有限状态机方式，通过状态机的运行来控制实现电梯控制器的动作，其中楼层判断模块可将前端输入信号与当前楼层状态进行比对，在电梯当前运行的基础上,依照运行方向优先的原则，从待执行的请求信号指令内自动选择运行方向并执行，并将楼层判断的输出端信号作为运行状态机输入端的运行指令信号，确保电梯系统的正常运行；第二，为实现电梯控制器在功能上的仿真，设计了虚拟电梯模块，主要虚拟电梯的上下行及开关门动作；虚拟电梯模块内部含有电梯楼层寄存器，用来模拟电梯当前的运行状态，并将输出信号反馈给电梯控制器，以驱动电梯控制器的正常运行；第三，设计采用了按键输入模式和指纹识别模式，实现方式均是将外部请求信号转化为电梯运行的内部控制指令；设计采用Biovo-C2指纹识别模块，通过指纹登录和指纹匹配过程来限制电梯使用者权限，若指纹库中有相关指纹记录，发送设定好的楼层信息给楼层判断模块；如果没有相关指纹存储信息，就不会发送开门指令，从而有效保障楼宇安全；第四，电梯显示模块通过驱动LED进行显示，包括电梯运行楼层显示和电梯开关门运行显示两部分；当电梯在某楼层时，相应楼层的LED会亮起，体现电梯运行状态；同时设置四个开关门指示LED，当到达指示信号设定的楼层后，LED灯顺次亮和顺次灭，分别代表电梯开门与关门状态；第五，用Verilog硬件描述语言编写了硬件代码，在集成软件环境中经过编译和调试后，使用专用下载电缆下载到芯片中，仿真结果证明系统运行安全可靠，实现了功能要求和设计目标。
[Abstract]:Design of intelligent elevator control system based on FPGA, for the city to speed up the pace of development of our country, the rapid increase of lift the actual needs of high-rise buildings and public places, to lift the core control circuit is studied. Note that the output of China's average annual growth rate of elevator has remained above 35%, as well as in the future long time will still be the core of global manufacturing equipment and the largest elevator elevator use state, the total annual production value of more than 100 billion yuan, but China's own brands accounted for only 30% of the market share, and most of the elevator safety management and intelligent problems. In order to change the situation, explore a low power consumption, intelligent, efficient, comfortable and safe elevator system, especially in guaranteeing the legitimate normal personnel reaches a certain floor, non related personnel cannot be docked to the floor, to achieve different floor physical isolation purposes Now, this paper puts forward a design scheme to realize the automatic switch door and elevator using fingerprint recognition technology. Its characteristic is to stay in the elevator only fingerprint layer, foreign workers and non related personnel can not open the elevator door fingerprint is not set the floor, which is located in different floors of households or companies don't interfere, give the user to create a more personal space, so it has good innovation.
Using modular design method of UP TO DOWN, aiming at the elevator control part of the user to use more button, a fault occurs the control part, the short development cycle, low design cost, flexible design, high stability of the Altera company Cyclone series FPGA chip technology to improve the elevator control program the performance of the system. Through the Verilog-HDL hardware description language to complete the design of the function of the system, including the elevator controller module, virtual lift module, signal input module, the status display module.
The main requirements of the elevator control system is: (1) as the realization of the basic functions of the elevator control system, elevator and all the keys in response to requests, including carriage request instructions and external call box call instruction, all instructions will be automatically stored in a register, and in accordance with the running direction of the priority principle, in response, until after the completion of instruction elimination; (2) external control switch device, the starting layer consists of fingerprint identification device to control the elevator door switch, fingerprint matching fingerprint information and the original fingerprint database, set up to control the elevator directly to the floor, to isolate the floor space, reduce the irrelevant personnel into the purpose of the middle layer outbound system has up and down button, only the top down button; (3) the elevator control system according to the instruction requirements, determined by the running direction, such as the same time, at the same time there on For the operation signal when the instruction signal will lift priority in response to the same direction, after the completion of operation instructions automatically in response to the opposite direction; (4) if the current instruction and call instruction does not exist, will lift itself off the elevator door and the car lighting system in the set time, back to the waiting state.
The research work of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, the FPGA technology and the fingerprint recognition technology is studied, and as a basis for the design of the elevator control core part of elevator controller, including key debounce processing, fingerprint analysis, floor judgment, running state detection, uplink and downlink control, door control, status display, overweight alarm, lighting device etc.; the elevator controller module by finite state machine, to control the realization of elevator controller action runs through the state machine, the floor judging module can be input signal compared with the current state of the floor, the elevator is currently running on the basis of priority, in accordance with the running direction the principle of signal from the request instruction to be executed automatically choose the direction and execution, and the output signal floor as judged by the operation of the state machine. The operation instruction signal input, to ensure the normal operation of the elevator system; second, for the simulation of elevator controller in function, design a virtual lift module, open and closed down the main virtual elevator; internal virtual lift module containing the elevator floor register, used to simulate the running state of the elevator, and the output signal back to the normal operation of the elevator controller, to drive the elevator controller; third, design uses a key input mode and fingerprint recognition mode, implementation is the external request signal into the internal control instruction of elevator; Biovo-C2 was used in the design of the fingerprint identification module, to limit the user login and lift through fingerprint fingerprint matching process. If relevant fingerprint records the fingerprint database, send the information set to the floor floor judging module; if not related to grain storage The information is not sent to open instruction, so as to ensure building safety; fourth, elevator display module for display through the LED driver, including the operation of the elevator floor display and elevator door opening and closing operation display two part; when the elevator in a floor, the floor of the LED will light up, reflect the running state of the elevator; at the same time set four open close LED indicator when reaching the set floor indication signal, LED lamp light and turn out sequentially, representing the elevator opened and closed state; fifth, using Verilog hardware description language of hardware code, compiled and debugged in the integrated software environment, using a dedicated download cable to download to the chip, the simulation results show that the system is safe and reliable, achieve the functional requirements and design goals.

【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU857

【参考文献】