疏水改性阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备及其应用

发布时间：2018-03-13 07:34

本文选题：紫外光　切入点：阳离子聚丙烯酰胺　出处：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）是一种有机高分子絮凝剂，它具有投加量少、絮凝效果好、pH使用范围广、低毒性、安全等优点，在水处理领域得到了广泛的应用。论文旨在采用紫外光引发聚合法，研究和制备出絮凝效果好、分子量高、溶解性好的疏水改性阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂。选用丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DAC）、丙烯酰胺（AM）和丙烯酸丁酯（BA）三种单体，在引发剂作用下，紫外光照射聚合得到疏水改性阳离子聚丙烯酰胺高分子絮凝剂。考察单体浓度、AM/DAC单体质量比、BA质量分数、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）质量分数、引发剂浓度、尿素质量分数及光照时间等因素对聚合物分子量的影响，得到了最优制备条件。结果表明，在单体浓度30%、AM/DAC单体质量比70:30、BA质量分数2%、CTAB质量分数2%、引发剂浓度3‰、尿素质量分数为2%、光照时间100min条件下，能够制得分子量为849万的疏水改性阳离子聚丙烯酰胺。通过红外光谱仪对制得产品进行表征分析，证实了聚合物确为单体AM、DAC、BA的三元共聚物疏水改性阳离子聚丙烯酰胺。通过扫描电镜分析表明，聚合物的表面有良好的表面微观结构，具有强大的絮凝性能。通过差热-热重分析表明聚合物在常温下的稳定性良好。通过核磁共振图谱分析再次证明了聚合物为三元共聚物疏水改性阳离子聚丙烯酰胺。将自制产品用于污泥脱水实验，将絮凝沉淀后的上清液浊度和真空抽滤后滤饼固含量作为衡量自制产品污泥脱水性能的指标。经过分别考察自制产品投加量、阳离子度、相对分子量、pH值对污泥脱水性能的影响，结果表明，在投加量为40mg/L，阳离子度为40%，相对分子量为700万，pH为7时污泥脱水效果最好，上清液浊度为20.8NTU，滤饼固含量为27.8%。与三种同类型絮凝剂进行对比，结果表明：自制产品污泥脱水性能优于江苏产品、浙江产品和日本产品，且与江苏和浙江产品相比，具投加量少的特点，江苏和浙江产品最优投加量为50mg/L，日本产品的最优投加量与自制产品相同。将自制产品用于含藻废水实验，将浊度去除率和叶绿素a去除率作为衡量自制产品除藻效果的指标。当投加量为3mg/L，阳离子度为40%，相对分子量为700万，pH为8时，，自制产品除藻效果最好，其浊度去除率为94.1%，叶绿素a去除率为99.6%。与不同种类絮凝剂进行除藻效果对比，结果表明：自制产品的除藻效果优于CPAM和PAFS，明显优于PAFC，且自制产品和CPAM的最佳投加量比PAFC和PAFS明显要少，CPAM最佳投加量与自制产品相同，PAFC和PAFS的最佳投加量分别为35mg/L和30mg/L。
[Abstract]:Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is a kind of organic polymer flocculant, it has the advantages of less dosage, good flocculation effect, pH used in a wide range, low toxicity, safety and other advantages, has been widely used in the field of water treatment. This paper aims to polymerization initiated by ultraviolet light, produce good flocculation effect research and preparation, molecular high volume, good solubility of the hydrophobic modified cationic polyacrylamide.
The three acryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC), acrylamide (AM) and butyl acrylate (BA) in three kinds of monomers, initiator under UV irradiation polymerization of hydrophobically modified cationic polyacrylamide flocculant. The effects of monomer concentration, monomer mass ratio AM/DAC, the mass fraction of BA, sixteen alkyl three methyl bromide (CTAB) concentration, initiator concentration, urea concentration and influence factors of illumination time on the molecular weight of the polymer, obtained the optimum preparation conditions. The results showed that the monomer concentration was 30% AM/DAC, the monomer mass ratio 70:30, the mass fraction of BA 2%, CTAB 2% mass fraction, cause the concentration of 3 per thousand, urea concentration was 2%, illumination time can be obtained under the condition of 100min, the molecular weight of 8 million 490 thousand hydrophobic modified cationic polyacrylamide.
Through the infrared spectrometer on the prepared products were characterized and confirmed that the polymer monomer AM, DAC, BA three copolymer hydrophobic modified cationic polyacrylamide. Through scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the polymer surface has good surface microstructure, has strong flocculation performance. Through thermogravimetric analysis showed that the stability of the polymer at room temperature. Through the analysis of NMR spectra of the polymer is three yuan once again proved that the copolymer of hydrophobically modified cationic polyacrylamide.
The self-made products used for sludge dewatering experiment, the supernatant turbidity and vacuum filtration flocculation after filter cake solid content as measured by self-made products of sludge dewatering performance index were investigated. After the homemade product dosage, cationic degree, molecular weight, pH value, the sludge dewatering performance results show that investment in a dosage of 40mg/L, cationic degree is 40%, the molecular weight is 7 million, pH is 7 the best dewatering effect when the supernatant turbidity is 20.8NTU, the cake solids content for comparison, 27.8%. and three kinds of flocculant results show that the product manufactured by the sludge dewatering performance is better than that of Jiangsu products, products of Zhejiang and Japan, and compared with Jiangsu and Zhejiang, with adding less, Jiangsu and Zhejiang are the optimal dosage of 50mg/L, optimum dosage of Japanese products with the same homemade products.
The self-made products for algae containing wastewater, the removal rate of turbidity and chlorophyll a removal rate as the algae removal efficiency measure of homemade products. When the dosage of 3mg/L, cationic degree is 40%, the molecular weight is 7 million, pH is 8, a product manufactured by the algae removal effect is the best, the removal rate of turbidity is 94.1% the removal rate of a, chlorophyll 99.6%. and different kinds of flocculant for algae removal efficiency comparison, results showed that the algae effect is better than that of CPAM and PAFS in addition to homemade products, better than PAFC, and the best homemade products and the dosage of CPAM and PAFS were less than PAFC, the best dosage of CPAM with the same product manufactured by PAFC. And the optimum dosage of PAFS was 35mg/L and 30mg/L. respectively.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU991.2

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