认知与保护城市历史景观的“锚固—层积”理论初探

发布时间：2018-03-14 19:55

本文选题：城市历史景观　切入点：城市遗产　出处：《清华大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：健康的历史城市应当是具有生命力的城市，物质形态的变迁不可避免，且生命力也不局限在物质层面上，这在近年来已经逐渐成为人们的共识。受到所处时代背景与思潮的影响，自2005年5月《维也纳备忘录》发表以来，世界文化遗产的语境下先后出现了“城市历史景观”、“城市遗产”、“周边环境”三个相互关联的新理念，都贯穿着对于完整性与动态性的强调，并引发了国际上许多相关的学术讨论。三者以城市历史景观为总体框架，互为补充，笔者认为在一定程度上转变了历史城市认知的范式，即，较以往更具有了完整性与动态性。不过，虽然能“知其然”，该范式仍然欠缺指导“知其所以然”的能力。故本论文以良好的人居环境质量为目的，借助文化遗产学视角，基于第三种类型学与阐释人类学的认识论基础，采用城市研究中广泛使用的“地标-基质”模型，搭建了“锚固-层积”模型，提出由“城市锚固点”与“层积化空间”为主体，以“锚固-层积效应”为相互作用力，循环往复，相似扩张，形成历史城市的新理论，用以更好的认知与保护城市历史景观。论文也将原本所指模糊的“城市历史景观”一词再定义为：以一系列具有时间层次和空间结构的城市锚固点为骨架，以可能历经多种层积模式至今的层积化空间为肌肉，由于具有双向性的锚固-层积效应而始终处于变化中的有机体。在建构完善锚固-层积理论的过程中，论文采用文献研究、田野调查、类型学、比较研究、系统分析多种方法，阐述了何为城市锚固点、层积化空间，以及二者相互之间存在的锚固-层积效应。城市历史景观变迁至我们如今所见的空间状态，，其历程中存在一定的客观规律，本文以英国城市卡迪夫为主要研究对象，结合其城市历史以三个阶段细分锚固-层积效应。并指出今天的绝大多数历史城市都已进入第三阶段，而“周边环境”在“城市更新背景下的反向覆盖”这一阶段中是矛盾聚焦的重要空间。分析我国涉及城市遗产及其周边环境的保护制度历史和现状可知，虽然周边环境尺度下的保护制度概念不少，但控制力较弱，也不成体系。借鉴英国的相关政策法令，本文建议融合多体系共同参与，加强对周边环境管理制度的建设，以保障城市历史景观未来能继续在持续性的锚固-层积效应中保持良性变迁。
[Abstract]:A healthy historical city should be a city with vitality, the change of material form is inevitable, and vitality is not limited to material level. This has gradually become a consensus in recent years. Influenced by the background of the era and the trend of thought, since the Vienna Memorandum of understanding was published in May 2005, In the context of world cultural heritage, three interrelated new concepts, namely, "urban historical landscape", "urban heritage" and "surrounding environment", have emerged successively, all of which are running through the emphasis on integrality and dynamics. The three take the urban historical landscape as the overall framework and complement each other. The author believes that the paradigm of historical city cognition has been changed to a certain extent, that is, It is more integrality and dynamic than ever. However, although it can "know what it is", the paradigm still lacks the ability to guide "know what it is". Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to improve the quality of human settlement environment, and with the help of the perspective of cultural heritage, Based on the epistemological basis of the third typology and hermeneutic anthropology, the "landmarks-matrix" model, which is widely used in urban research, is used to construct the "Anchorage-stratification" model. A new theory of "urban anchoring point" and "stratified space" is put forward, which takes "anchorage-stratification effect" as the interaction force, circulates back and forth, similar expansion, and forms a new theory of historical city. In order to better recognize and protect urban historical landscape, the paper also redefines the term "urban historical landscape" as follows: a series of urban anchoring points with temporal and spatial structure as the skeleton. Taking the stratified space which may have gone through a variety of stratification models up to now as muscle, the organism is always in change because of its bidirectional anchorage-stratification effect. In the course of constructing and perfecting the theory of Anchorage and stratification, the paper adopts literature research, field investigation, typology, comparative study, systematic analysis of various methods, and expounds what is the urban anchoring point, stratification space, and so on. The urban historical landscape changes to the spatial state that we see now, and there are some objective laws in its course. This paper takes the British city of Cardiff as the main research object. Combined with its urban history, the Anchorage and stratification effect is subdivided into three stages, and it is pointed out that most of the historical cities of today have entered the third stage. The "surrounding environment" is an important space for contradiction focus in the stage of "reverse coverage under the background of urban renewal". The history and present situation of the protection system involving urban heritage and its surrounding environment in China are analyzed. Although there are many concepts of the protection system on the scale of the surrounding environment, the control power is weak and it is not systematical. Drawing on the relevant policies and decrees of the United Kingdom, this paper proposes to integrate the multi-system to participate together, and to strengthen the construction of the surrounding environmental management system. In order to ensure the future of urban historical landscape can continue to maintain good changes in the sustained Anchorage-stratification effect.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.114

【参考文献】