高层办公建筑人员疏散及灭火救援技战术基础研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 04:06

本文选题：高层办公建筑　切入点：问卷调查　出处：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的快速增长和城市规模的不断扩大，城市中的建筑物向着高层和超高层方向发展，而高层办公建筑是高层建筑最主要的类型之一。高层建筑火灾时的火灾蔓延快、火灾烟气多、疏散困难、火灾扑救难度大等缺点，使得人员疏散及灭火救援的难度非常大。我国对于高层办公建筑的人员疏散及灭火救援研究处于起步阶段，本文对其的研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本文课题来源于公安部重点研究计划项目，主要开展了高层办公建筑人员安全疏散行为问卷调查，并结合问卷调查的分析，改进了课题组原有的人员疏散仿真软件ZGESS。开展了消防员灭火救援心理及行为问卷调查，探讨了一种灭火救援技战术的预案，并开展了实地灭火救援演练。论文取得的主要研究成果如下： ①结合了高层办公建筑特点、社会统计学的调查方法以及人员疏散基本理论，设计了高层办公建筑人员安全疏散行为问卷调查，涉及了人员的基本特征、人员对消防设施的认知程度和人员在紧急情况下的心理及行为特征三个问卷变量。问卷调查结果表明，大多数人熟悉建筑应急照明和疏散标志以及建筑内部应有的灭火设施，火灾时大部分人的第一反应、疏散方式以及烟气反应等较为合理，体现了我国近年来消防安全宣传已取得一定成效，但仍有少数人员对火灾安全知识较为匮乏，建议消防部门继续加强消防安全宣传。相关性分析表明，性别、年龄、受教育情况、安全训练等是影响人员疏散行为的显著因素，建议消防部门应加大对女性、老年人和年轻人等的消防安全教育，定期组织专项安全训练。 ②使用新的开发平台和编程语言，增加更为简单实用的功能键和界面显示，并对人员移动疏散法则进行改进，改进了课题组原有疏散仿真软件ZGESS。将疏散仿真软件与商业软件Pathfinder进行对比分析，验证了疏散仿真软件的可信度。开展了消防员灭火救援心理及行为问卷调查，发现大多数消防员对灭火救援工作有着正确的认识，体现了我国消防员较高的素质水平，建议消防部门应继续加强对消防员的心理教育和组织消防演习。 ③阐述了高层建筑灭火救援的基本技战术，指出合理选择灭火和救援的进攻入口及进攻路径是内攻灭火救援的关键。探讨了一种灭火救援技战术的预案，，选取某高校高层教学办公楼，针对典型的火灾场景，利用FDS软件模拟火灾烟气运动，规划出合理安全的灭火救援路线，开展了实地灭火救援演练。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of economy and the expansion of the city scale, the buildings in the city develop towards the high-rise and super-high buildings, and the high-rise office buildings are one of the most important types of high-rise buildings. The disadvantages of fire smoke, difficulty in evacuation, difficulty in fire fighting and rescue, make it very difficult to evacuate people and put out fire and rescue. In our country, the research on personnel evacuation and fire fighting and rescue of high-rise office buildings is still in its infancy. The research in this paper has important theoretical significance and practical value. This paper comes from the key research project of the Ministry of Public Security, mainly carries out the questionnaire survey of the safety evacuation behavior of the personnel in the high-rise office buildings, and combines the analysis of the questionnaire survey. The original evacuation simulation software ZGESS. the questionnaire survey of firefighters' psychology and behavior was carried out, and a plan of firefighting and rescue techniques and tactics was discussed. The main research results of this paper are as follows:. 1. Combining the characteristics of high-rise office buildings, the survey method of social statistics and the basic theory of evacuation, a questionnaire survey on the safety evacuation behavior of personnel in high-rise office buildings is designed, which involves the basic characteristics of personnel. The results of the questionnaire showed that most people were familiar with the emergency lighting and evacuation signs and the fire extinguishing facilities within the building. The first reaction, evacuation mode and smoke reaction of most people in the fire are more reasonable, which shows that fire safety propaganda has made some achievements in recent years in our country, but there are still a few people lack of knowledge of fire safety. The correlation analysis shows that sex, age, education, safety training and so on are the significant factors influencing evacuation behavior, and it is suggested that fire departments should pay more attention to women. The elderly and young people and other fire safety education, regular organization of special safety training. 2 using the new development platform and programming language, adding more simple and practical function keys and interface display, and improving the rules of evacuation of people, The original evacuation simulation software ZGES was improved. The evacuation simulation software and commercial software Pathfinder were compared and analyzed to verify the reliability of the evacuation simulation software. A questionnaire survey on fire fighting and rescue psychology and behavior of firemen was carried out. It is found that the majority of firefighters have a correct understanding of firefighting and rescue work, which reflects the high quality of firefighters in our country. It is suggested that fire departments should continue to strengthen psychological education for firefighters and organize fire drills. 3. This paper expounds the basic techniques and tactics of fire fighting and rescue in high-rise buildings, and points out that reasonable selection of fire extinguishing and rescue attack entrance and attack path is the key of fire fighting and rescue inside attack and rescue, and probes into a kind of pre-plan of fire-fighting and rescue techniques and tactics. According to the typical fire scene, the fire smoke movement was simulated by FDS software, and a reasonable and safe fire extinguishing and rescue route was planned, and the field fire fighting and rescue drill was carried out.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU998.1

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