绿色建筑小区阶梯式绿地截缓径流技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 15:01

本文选题：绿色建筑小区　切入点：低影响开发　出处：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人为活动的增加及城市化的迅速发展，原有的水文循环遭到严重破坏。绿地被屋面、道路、广场等不透水面替代，由此引发了一系列生态问题，主要表现为洪涝灾害、径流水体污染、生态环境破坏、城市热岛效应及城市地下水位下降等。雨水是水循环系统中的重要环节，对水资源的调节补充、生态环境的改变起着关键作用。雨水的适当处理，已成为世界各国普遍关心的问题。低影响开发是一种强调通过源头分散的小型控制设施，维持和保护场地自然水文功能、有效缓解不透水面积增加造成的洪峰流量增加、径流系数增大、面源污染负荷加重的城市雨水管理理念。低影响开发主要通过生物滞留、屋顶绿化、植被浅沟、透水铺装等措施来维持开发前原有水文条件，控制径流污染，减少污染排放，实现开发区域的可持续水循环。基于低影响开发基本原理，结合地形特点，发明了一种新型的两级阶梯式绿地截缓径流技术，并由此在深圳市某绿色建筑小区展开了中试研究。研究了在道路、广场和屋顶三种下垫面不同组合的六场降雨下，装置对径流水质、水量及污染物总量的控制效能，得出的主要结论如下： ①各下垫面径流水质的研究表明：随着降雨的进行，径流各污染物的浓度呈下降趋势，且前期下降迅速，后期平缓。径流后期水质满足《地表水环境质量标准》(BG3838-2002)Ⅴ类标准。TP、TN、NH3-N、NO3-N与SS、COD且SS与COD相关性均良好，说明在各种下垫面中，SS作为主要污染物之一，明显影响着径流中其它污染物的含量，且其他污染物指标与COD存在相似的冲刷特性。 ②阶梯式绿地截缓径流试验装置对径流污染物的控制研究表明：装置溢流出水对各污染物的去除均出现负值，可能是由于进水水质较好，且水力停留时间短，装置表层植物和土壤释放了一定的污染物。而渗透出水的各污染物均有一定的去除，但NH3-N和NO3-N去除率较低，可能是由于装置内部不具备硝化与反硝化发生的条件，且装置尚未稳定，发生了淋溶效应。 ③阶梯式绿地截缓径流试验装置的雨洪控制研究表明：装置对径流洪峰的延迟时间为10～50min，洪峰削减率为7.93%～73.79%，径流体积削减率为23.31%～93.55%。对于降雨强度大且历时长的降雨，装置的水量控制作用不明显；对于双峰型降雨，装置的洪峰延迟效果十分显著。即对于不同雨型，径流总量相等时，降雨洪峰越靠前，装置的洪峰控制效果越好。虽然装置溢流对各污染物的去除率为负值，但由于装置对径流水量的削减作用，各污染物总量均得到一定的削减。 ④阶梯式绿地截缓径流技术应用的研究表明：在不同重现期、不同服务面积比情况下，装置对径流水量的削减量与服务面积无关，由暴雨强度决定。同一重现期，服务面积比越大，洪峰削减率越小，，但洪峰削减量越大；同一服务面积比，重现期越大，洪峰削减率越小。提出了阶梯式绿地截缓径流装置的结构设计及设计原则，提供了相关参考设计参数。对该装置的研究结果，将为该技术在雨洪控制技术的研究提供理论依据，为该技术在适宜地区的应用奠定基础，具有重要的现实指导意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of city and the increase of human activities, hydrological cycle was severely damaged. The original green roof, road, square, impervious surface replacement, which triggered a series of ecological problems, mainly for flood runoff, water pollution, ecological environment destruction, the underground water level and the decline of urban heat island effect city. The rain is an important link in water circulation system, supplementary regulation on water resources, ecological environment change plays a key role. The proper processing of the rain, has become an international problem. Low impact development is an emphasis on small control facilities through the source of dispersion, maintain and protect the site of natural hydrological function the peak flow effectively alleviate the increase caused by increasing impervious area, the runoff coefficient increases, non-point source pollution load of city rainwater management concept of low impact development mainly through biological. Such measures as detention, roof greening, shallow vegetation drainage and permeable pavement are adopted to maintain the original hydrological conditions before development, control runoff pollution, reduce pollution discharge and achieve sustainable water cycle in the development area.
Low impact development based on the basic principle, combined with the terrain characteristics, developed a two tier green new section slow runoff technology, and thus in a green building district in Shenzhen city launched a pilot study. On the road, six rainfall and three kinds of different square roof surface under a combined device the runoff water quality, water and pollutant total control efficiency, the main conclusions are as follows:
Study on the surface runoff water quality showed that: with the rainfall, the pollutant concentration of runoff decreased, and decreased in the early stage of rapid anaphase. Late runoff water meets the "environmental quality standard for surface water" (BG3838-2002) standard class V.TP, TN, NH3-N, NO3-N and SS, the correlation between COD and SS and COD are good, in a variety of underlying surface, SS as one of the major pollutants, significantly affect the content of pollutants in runoff, and other pollutants and COD are scouring characteristics similar.
The ladder slowly cut green test device to study the control of runoff runoff pollutants showed that the removal of the organic pollutants in the effluent overflow device are negative, may be due to better water quality, and the hydraulic retention time is short, the surface device of plant and soil release certain pollutants. The removal of various pollutants and had the permeate water the NH3-N and NO3-N, but the removal rate is relatively low, probably due to the internal device does not have the conditions of nitrification and denitrification, and the device is not yet stable, the leaching effect.
Rain and flood control research of stepped green cutting corrosion test device shows that the runoff time delay device of runoff is 10 ~ 50min, the flood discharge rate is 7.93% ~ 73.79%, the diameter of fluid product cut rate is 23.31% ~ 93.55%. for the rainfall intensity and rainfall duration, water control device is not obvious; for Shuangfeng rainfall, the peak delay device, the effect is very significant. For the different rainfall runoff, the total quantity of rainfall, flood front, the better control effect. Although the peak device device of overflow on the pollutants removal rate is negative, but because the cutting action of the device to the volume of runoff, the total amount of pollutants were some of the cuts.
The study of green corrosion section ladder technology show that the application of runoff in different return period, different service area ratio, device for water runoff reduction and service area, decided by the rainfall intensity. The same return period, the service area is bigger, the flood discharge rate is small, but the peak reduction the greater; the same service area ratio, the greater the return period, the flood discharge rate is small.
The structure design and design of ladder type green cutting device slow runoff principle, provides reference for the design parameters. The results of the device, will provide a theoretical basis for the technology in the research on stormwater control technology, lay the foundation for the application of the technology in suitable areas, it has important practical significance.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU992

【参考文献】