城市韧性承洪理论——另一种规划实践的基础

发布时间：2018-04-01 16:41

本文选题：洪水适应性　切入点：防洪　出处：《国际城市规划》2015年02期

【摘要】：滨河城市面对水患问题需要一种基于韧性理论的管理方法,而不是简单地修建防洪工程来抵御。通过堤、坝和渠化的防洪工程来抵御洪水,忽略了人与自然互动时所产生的不确定因素,也无法回应因气候变化而不断增加的极端灾害,因此不是解决洪水安全问题的长期有效的方法。通过运用韧性理论提升系统存续能力,笔者提出了"城市韧性承洪"理论,作为替代目前主流方式的城市洪水灾害管理体系。该理论明确了一个城市的承洪力,以及对潜在的物质财产损失和社会经济中断等情况的预警辨识力,从而防止伤亡和保持现有的社会经济特征。通过在周期性洪水中积累经验,可以应对城市的极端洪水灾害。城市韧性承洪理论挑战了"城市如不防洪即无法生存"的传统理念,实际上传统的防洪工程破坏了应对洪水的韧性。为将此理论运用于规划实践中,笔者提出了"可浸区百分比"这一指标,用以评估城市的承洪韧性。应用自然的洪泛区功能建立城市承洪韧性,提升对洪水的适应性以替代防洪工程,将减轻洪水的危害。
[Abstract]:The waterfront city needs a management method based on resilience theory, rather than simply building flood control works to resist it.Flood protection through levees, dams and channelized flood control works ignores the uncertainties that arise from the interaction between man and nature and does not respond to the increasing number of extreme disasters as a result of climate change.Therefore, it is not a long-term effective method to solve the flood safety problem.By using the theory of resilience to improve the ability of the system to survive, the author puts forward the theory of "urban resilience flood bearing" as a substitute for the current mainstream mode of urban flood disaster management system.The theory clarifies the flood bearing capacity of a city and the early warning identification of the potential material property loss and social economic interruption, thus preventing casualties and maintaining the existing social and economic characteristics.By accumulating experience in periodic floods, we can deal with extreme flood disasters in cities.The theory of urban resilience has challenged the traditional concept of "city can not survive without flood control". In fact, the traditional flood control project has destroyed the resilience of flood response.In order to apply this theory to the planning practice, the author puts forward the index of "percentage of leachable area", which can be used to evaluate the flood bearing toughness of the city.Using the function of natural flood flood area to establish urban flood bearing toughness and to improve the adaptability of flood control works will reduce the damage of flood.
【作者单位】：香港中文大学建筑系;北京万通立体之城投资有限公司;
【分类号】：TU984.18

【共引文献】