基于行为特征的芦山县城室外应急避难场所设计策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 09:26

本文选题：芦山县城 + 行为特征　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：地震灾害不可控性、瞬时毁灭性强、次生灾害多样,致使其带来的破坏巨大。尤其山地小城镇,地震灾害频发、自然条件特殊、经济发展水平低等原因使其受地震的影响更大,但建立室外完善的避难场所能极大减少灾害损失。5.12汶川地震巨大损失使得各大城市重视避难场所建设,但山地小城镇相关研究还较为缺乏。因此本文选取雅安芦山县城室外应急避难场所为研究对象,旨在通过其设计策略的研究来指导其灾后重建室外应急避难场所的建设。人的避震行为特征会直接影响避难场所的选择和使用效率,因此本文以行为特征为主线展开对室外应急避难场所设计策略的研究。从自然条件、空间布局、基础建设、经济发展等六方面总结出芦山县城防灾避难的特殊性,基于实地调研和访谈分析总结得出芦山县城室外应急避难场所选址无序且安全系数低、规模小且服务半径小、生活空间紧缺且配套设施缺乏、未进行有序开发建设四大现状特点。通过借鉴国内外成熟的应急避难场所的研究成果和芦山县城自身的特点,提出符合芦山县城自身特点的室外应急避难场所四大构成系统。通过对芦山县城居民问卷调查、访谈及实地走访调研总结出县城居民在4.20地震震时、震后紧急避难、震后中长期避难三个时段的行为特征,进而推出芦山县城居民对地震灾害避难的功能需求。再基于居民的避难行为特征分析室外应急避难场所五大构成系统的问题,基于县城居民避难行为特征提出避难场所的五大设计原则,分别是:安全可达原则、大众化原则、小区域防灾原则、分级布置原则和平灾结合原则。最后基于设计原则和各大系统的问题从宏观方面场地选址和空间布局,微观方面避难场所四大构成系统分别提出相应的设计策略。本研究从行为特征的视角研究室外应急避难场所设计策略,进一步丰富了环境行为学理论,具有一定的理论意义。同时对芦山县城灾后重建室外应急避难场所建设提供实践指导意义,并且对于西南地区类似的山地小城镇应急避难场所建设和研究具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Earthquake disaster is uncontrollable, instantaneous destructive and secondary disasters are various, resulting in great damage.Especially in small mountain towns, earthquake disasters occur frequently, natural conditions are special, and the level of economic development is low, which makes them more affected by earthquakes.However, the establishment of perfect outdoor shelter can greatly reduce the disaster loss. 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake huge losses make the major cities attach importance to the construction of refuge sites, but the mountain towns are still lack of relevant research.So this paper chooses Ya'an Lushan city outdoor emergency shelter as the research object, aims to guide the construction of the outdoor emergency shelter after disaster reconstruction through the study of its design strategy.The characteristics of human shock absorber behavior will directly affect the selection and use efficiency of shelter, so this paper studies the design strategy of outdoor emergency shelter based on behavior characteristics.From the natural conditions, spatial layout, infrastructure construction, economic development and other six aspects summed up the Lushan county city disaster prevention and asylum particularity,Based on field investigation and interview analysis, it is concluded that the location of outdoor emergency shelter in Lushan county is disorderly, low safety factor, small scale and small service radius, short of living space and lack of supporting facilities.Lack of orderly development and construction of the four major characteristics of the current situation.By referring to the research results of mature emergency shelters at home and abroad and the characteristics of Lushan county city, this paper puts forward four systems of outdoor emergency asylum sites which accord with the characteristics of Lushan county cities.Through questionnaire survey, interviews and field visits to the residents of Lushan County, the author summarizes the behavior characteristics of the residents of the county in the three periods of emergency refuge after the earthquake of 4.20, and long-term refuge after the earthquake.And then launched the Lushan County residents of earthquake disaster shelter functional needs.Then based on the characteristics of the residents' asylum behavior, the paper analyzes the five problems of the outdoor emergency shelter system, and puts forward the five design principles of the refuge place based on the characteristics of the county residents' asylum behavior, which are: the principle of safety accessibility, the principle of popularization.The principle of disaster prevention in small area, the principle of grading arrangement and the principle of combining disaster with peace.Finally, based on the design principles and the problems of each large system, the corresponding design strategies are put forward from the macroscopic site selection and spatial layout, and the micro shelter system.This study studies the design strategy of outdoor emergency shelter from the perspective of behavior characteristics, which further enriches the theory of environmental behavior and has certain theoretical significance.At the same time, it provides practical guidance for the reconstruction of outdoor emergency shelter after urban disaster in Lushan County, and has certain reference significance for the construction and research of emergency shelter in small mountain towns in southwest China.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.116

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