基于全寿命周期的绿色建筑评价研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 04:04

本文选题：绿色建筑 + 增量成本　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球环境、资源问题日益严重，，这类问题不能以国家为分界线，全球生态系统是一个整体。工业革命时期，在经济利益的诱导下，一些发达的资本主义国家在大力发展工业的同时忽略了对环境的影响，当这些国家意识到对环境的危害性时开始修补造成的破坏。我国在发展经济的时候决不能重蹈覆辙，走先污染后治理的路，因此保护环境、节约资源以及走可持续发展道路势在必行。建筑业的发展对环境影响非常严重，绿色建筑以低能耗、低污染的鲜明特点受到了大众的关注，我国人均资源短缺，在我国推行绿色建筑具有重大的意义。绿色建筑相对普通建筑初始投资较多，由于投资者没有看到绿色建筑带来的后期收益，影响了投资者的积极性，这将阻碍绿色建筑的推广和实施，本文将利用相关理论和评价体系，通过实际案例，分析论证绿色建筑带来的效益。本文由六部分内容组成，第一部分，介绍论文的研究背景、国内外绿色建筑发展现状、评价研究现状；第二部分，阐述了绿色建筑含义以及全寿命周期的相关理论；第三部分，构建绿色建筑全寿命周期模型；第四部分，灰色聚类评价体系的建立和评价指标的选取；第五部分，对某大厦进行了实证分析；最后一部分对结论的分析和总结。论文具体框架如下：首先，介绍了绿色建筑的含义和建筑设计特点，根据全寿命周期成本理论，对建筑全寿命周期成本分解。再引入增量成本和增量效益的概念，将绿色建筑增量成本再分为前期增量成本和建造增量成本，将建造增量成本从“节能、节地、节材、节水、室内、运营”方面分析；将绿色建筑的增量效益分解为直接效益和间接效益，直接效益为四节带来的经济效益，间接效益包括社会效益和环境效益，接着对效益进行量化。再次,根据工程经济学原理选取评价指标，构建绿色建筑全寿命周期评价模型,对项目的增量成本和增量效益进行测算，利用层次分析法确定指标权重，运用基于三角白化权函数的灰色聚类方法,对绿色建筑项目进行经济性和绿色技术综合评判。最后，将这套评价方法应用于实际案例，对案例的增量成本和增量效益细致分析，明确各种技术的收益情况，并对项目的绿色建筑等级也进行了评估。本文为绿色建筑全寿命周期评估提供了科学合理的参考依据，使大众对绿色建筑有了全面深入的理解，为政府制定相关政策也提供了理论依据，对绿色建筑的发展有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Global environment, resource problem is becoming more and more serious, this kind of problem cannot take the country as the dividing line, the global ecosystem is a whole.During the Industrial Revolution, under the guidance of economic interests, some developed capitalist countries, while vigorously developing industry, ignored the impact on the environment. When these countries realized the harm to the environment, they began to repair the damage caused.Our country must not repeat the same mistake when developing economy, take the road of pollution first and then control, so it is imperative to protect the environment, save resources and take the road of sustainable development.The development of the construction industry has a very serious impact on the environment. The green building has attracted the attention of the public because of its distinctive characteristics of low energy consumption and low pollution. It is of great significance to carry out the green building in our country because of the shortage of per capita resources in our country.The initial investment of green buildings is more than that of ordinary buildings. Since investors do not see the late income brought by green buildings, it affects the enthusiasm of investors, which will hinder the promotion and implementation of green buildings.This article will use the related theory and the appraisal system, through the actual case, analyzes and proves the green building brings the benefit.This paper consists of six parts, the first part, introduces the research background, the development of green buildings at home and abroad, the status quo of evaluation research; the second part, elaborated the meaning of green building and the related theory of life cycle; the third part,Build the green building life cycle model; the fourth part, the establishment of the grey cluster evaluation system and the selection of evaluation indicators; the fifth part, an empirical analysis of a building; the last part of the conclusion of the analysis and summary.The specific framework of the paper is as follows:Firstly, the meaning of green building and the characteristics of architectural design are introduced. According to the theory of life-cycle cost, the life-cycle cost of building is decomposed.Introducing the concepts of incremental cost and incremental benefit, the incremental cost of green building is subdivided into pre-incremental cost and incremental cost of construction, and the incremental cost of construction is analyzed from the aspects of "energy saving, land saving, material saving, water saving, indoor operation and operation".The incremental benefit of green building is divided into direct benefit and indirect benefit, and direct benefit is the economic benefit brought by four sections. Indirect benefit includes social benefit and environmental benefit, and then the benefit is quantified.Thirdly, according to the principle of engineering economics, select the evaluation index, construct the green building life cycle evaluation model, calculate the incremental cost and benefit of the project, and use AHP to determine the index weight.Based on the grey clustering method of triangular whitening weight function, the economic and green technology of green building projects are evaluated.Finally, the evaluation method is applied to practical cases, the incremental cost and benefit of the case are analyzed carefully, the benefits of various technologies are clarified, and the green building grade of the project is also evaluated.This paper provides a scientific and reasonable reference for the assessment of the whole life cycle of green buildings, makes the public have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of green buildings, and provides a theoretical basis for the government to formulate relevant policies.It has important practical significance to the development of green building.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU201.5

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