纳西族乡土建筑建造范式研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 07:07

本文选题：纳西族 + 乡土建筑　；参考：《清华大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：本文是在大量实地调研和访谈的基础上，对纳西族乡土建筑历史地理和建造过程的研究。文章无意构建庞大的理论框架，也不企图得到关于建筑的普遍真理，而是希望通过阐释与深描，记录纳西族乡土建筑的多样性面貌，以及当地乡土建造活动的图景，继而在连续的历史视野下认识一方乡土建筑的演变与发展。文章主体分为两部分。第一部分是通过一系列典型村落的调查与文献分析，梳理了代表纳西族不同历史发展时期的乡土建筑类型，总结它们的建造技术与核心空间的特点和演变关系。已有的纳西族乡土建筑研究多集中于丽江古城和泸沽湖地区，而这部分内容着眼于整个纳西族地区，从时间和空间的维度勾勒出了纳西族乡土建筑的整体图景。第二部分是对一个典型的纳西族村落——南高寨村的乡土建造活动的调查。通过与当地工匠共同生活、劳作的参与式观察，本文记录了当地建造活动中的技术范式、人际范式与精神范式。其中技术范式即人和物的关系，包括建造的筹划、备料、施工及匠作特点；人际范式即人和人的关系，包括建造中工匠与工匠、工匠与户主、户主与乡邻间的互动，以及集体和国家制度对乡土建造的影响；精神范式即人与超自然力量的关系，包括建造中的仪式、禁忌，以及习俗与建筑的交互。建筑学对乡土建筑的研究多从静态的视角出发，研究“成品”建筑的物质实体与空间；社会学、人类学对乡土社会的研究则多关注非物质部分，难以深入技术过程。该部分内容创新性地以动态的视角，从建造过程切入，把乡土建筑作为行为的产物来研究，把建造过程中的匠作技艺、人际互动、社会约束和习俗禁忌结合起来，，更全面地阐释了乡土建筑的生成机制。通过对纳西族乡土建筑的历史地理梳理、建造过程观察，分析纳西族乡土建筑建造范式在当下的变化，本文对建造传统提出了动态的、连续的历史观。纳西族乡土建筑虽然正在技术、市场、国家等因素的影响下发生变化，但只要由地缘人情维系的乡土建造共同体仍然存在，这里的建造传统就会在连续的历史过程中发展，逐渐形成新的建造范式。维护建筑与居住其中的人的紧密联系，维护乡土建造共同体及其自主选择权，才能维持建筑传统的连续性；而多样性的建造传统才能造就乡土建筑的多样性。
[Abstract]:Based on a large number of field research and interviews, this paper studies the historical geography and construction process of Naxi native architecture.The article has no intention of constructing a huge theoretical framework, nor is it trying to obtain the universal truth about architecture. Rather, it hopes to record the diversity of Naxi native buildings and the picture of local construction activities through interpretation and deep drawing.Then in a continuous historical perspective to understand the evolution and development of local architecture.The main body of the article is divided into two parts.The first part is through a series of typical villages investigation and literature analysis, combing the Naxi different historical development period of the types of local architecture, summed up their construction technology and core space of the characteristics and evolution of the relationship.The existing studies of Naxi native architecture mostly focus on the ancient city of Lijiang and Lugu Lake, and this part focuses on the whole Naxi area, which outlines the overall picture of the local architecture of Naxi from the dimension of time and space.The second part is a typical Naxi village-Nangaozhai village of rural construction activities.Through the participatory observation of working and living with local craftsmen, this paper records the technological paradigm, interpersonal paradigm and spiritual paradigm in local construction activities.The technological paradigm is the relationship between people and things, including the planning of construction, the preparation of materials, the construction and the characteristics of craftsmen; the interpersonal paradigm is the relationship between people and people, including the interaction between craftsmen and craftsmen, craftsmen and heads of households, and between heads of households and rural neighbors.The spiritual paradigm is the relationship between human beings and supernatural forces, including rituals, taboos, and the interaction between custom and architecture.Architecture studies the local architecture from the static point of view to study the physical entity and space of the "finished" architecture, while sociology and anthropology pay more attention to the non-material part of the local society, which is difficult to go deep into the technical process.This part of the content innovatively from the dynamic perspective, from the construction process cut into the local architecture as a product of behavior, the construction process of the craftsman as a skill, interpersonal interaction, social constraints and customs taboo together.A more comprehensive explanation of the formation mechanism of local architecture.By combing the history and geography of Naxi vernacular architecture, observing the construction process, and analyzing the change of Naxi vernacular architecture construction paradigm at present, this paper puts forward a dynamic and continuous historical view on the construction tradition.Naxi native buildings are changing under the influence of technology, market, state, etc., but as long as the local construction community maintained by geographical feelings still exists, the construction tradition here will develop in a continuous historical process.A new paradigm of construction is gradually formed.The continuity of architectural tradition can be maintained only by maintaining the close connection between architecture and the people living in it, and by maintaining the local construction community and its independent right of choice, while the diversity of construction traditions can bring about the diversity of local architecture.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU241.5

【参考文献】