大型超市火灾数值模拟及人员疏散研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 03:28

本文选题：大型购物超市 + 建筑火灾　；参考：《安徽理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代社会中,人们的物质文化需求越来越丰富多彩。各种购物场所此起彼伏。物品齐全、采购便利、功能完善的各种购物超市,成为了人们日常生活必不可少的重要场所。购物超市的物品众多,其中不乏一些可燃易燃物品。超市空间结构的不科学,防火设计的缺陷以及内部空间人员容易积聚等等一系列因素都成为了超市建筑火灾发生后造成危难后果的潜在原因。这极大地威胁着人们的生命和财产安全。本文以大型购物超市类建筑为研究对象,收集历年具有代表性的超市火灾资料,提取现场数据,获取火灾发展的统计规律。为文章的研究工作铺垫历史参考。通过对全国各地不同地点具有代表性的若干大型超市进行现场采点收集资料,并从中选取了一座具有典型特征的大型超市作为具体分析对象。根据超市的进出口布置,消防设施的设置情况以及超市内部货架的摆放和物品的分类情况建立了科学的物理数值模型。在所构建的模型中预设多种不同工况的火灾场景,并利用场模拟软件FDS对火灾过程进行计算分析,模拟得出超市火灾蔓延的规律,重点分析探讨火灾对人产生致死或致伤的关键时刻(包括浓烟高度,火场环境温度,环境可见度,以及燃烧有毒气体危险浓度)在时间与空间的变化规律。当任意一个参数达到危害建筑内人员生命健康时,把这个时间点作为该参数对建筑人员产生伤害的临界点,以最小的时间点定为人员逃生过程中的有效安全疏散时间RSET (Avialable Safe Egress Time)。同时对大型超市进行了实例人员疏散仿真,采用FDS+EVAC模拟仿真了该大型超市各场景中的人员疏散过程。分析研究了各个不同火灾场景中人员是否能够在有效安全疏散时间内顺利逃生。对超市建筑火灾时期各种特定条件下疏散性能进行了评估。最后,对欧尚超市烟气模拟和人员疏散仿真所得出的结果进行了总结和展望。为今后类似大型超市类建筑的防火性能化设计提供了一定的理论指导。
[Abstract]:In modern society, people's material and cultural needs are more and more colorful.All kinds of shopping places rise and fall one after another.All kinds of shopping supermarkets with complete items, convenient purchasing and perfect functions have become an indispensable and important place in people's daily life.There are many items in shopping supermarkets, some of which are flammable and flammable.A series of factors, such as the unscientific structure of supermarket space, the defects of fire prevention design and the easy accumulation of interior space personnel, all become the potential causes of the dangerous consequences of supermarket building fire.This is a great threat to the safety of people's lives and property.This paper takes the large-scale shopping supermarket building as the research object, collects the representative supermarket fire data over the years, extracts the field data, and obtains the statistical law of the fire development.It is a historical reference for the research work of this article.Through collecting data from some large supermarkets in different places in China, a large supermarket with typical characteristics is selected as the concrete analysis object.A scientific physical numerical model is established according to the layout of the entrance and exit of the supermarket, the setting of the fire fighting facilities, the arrangement of the shelves and the classification of the goods in the supermarket.The fire scene of different working conditions is preset in the model, and the fire process is calculated and analyzed by using field simulation software FDS, and the law of fire spread in supermarket is obtained by simulation.The changes of time and space during the critical time of death or injury caused by fire (including smoke height, fire ambient temperature, environmental visibility, and dangerous concentration of burning toxic gas) are analyzed and discussed.When any parameter reaches the point of endangering the life and health of people in the building, this time point is regarded as the critical point for the damage to the building personnel. The minimum time point is taken as the effective safe evacuation time RSET avialable Safe Egress time in the process of escape.At the same time, the evacuation simulation of large supermarket is carried out, and the evacuation process in each scene of the supermarket is simulated by FDS EVAC.This paper analyzes and studies whether people can escape within effective safe evacuation time in different fire scenarios.The evacuation performance of supermarket building fire was evaluated under various specific conditions.Finally, the results obtained from the simulation of the smoke and evacuation of Auchan supermarket are summarized and prospected.It provides some theoretical guidance for the fire-proof performance design of similar supermarket buildings in the future.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU998.1

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