渝东南土家族传统民居的夏季自然通风技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 09:09

本文选题：渝东南 + 土家族民居　；参考：《重庆大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：渝东南土家族传统民居地处武陵山区,在长期适应亚热带山区气候的演变过程中逐步形成自身独特的建筑营造方法和技术,特别是在应对夏季湿热气候方面。本文以渝东南土家族建筑群及民居的自然通风技术为研究对象,发掘和归纳其中的技术手法,尤其对建筑群街巷与民居空间的通风模式和通风规律进行深入的探讨。运用Fluent、Ecotect等软件,模拟民居室内外的风环境特征。并通过大量对比实验和数据的整理分析,发掘民居的被动式通风技术,进行提取和总结。此外,在对传统建筑群及民居通风技术分析的基础上,探讨了如何有效的将这些做法应用在现代农民新村及农民新居建筑的设计和创作之中,实现建筑的被动式节能。通过本文的研究能进一步推进土家族传统民居生态适应性的技术研究,以使这些传统的生态智慧能够在当代得到传承与应用。论文主要研究重庆渝东南土家族传统民居的自然通风技术,研究工作集中在四大部分。第一部分侧重于对渝东南地区与土家族传统民居基本情况的介绍。叙述建筑群及民居中的通风优秀做法,梳理与归纳了土家传统建筑群与民居通风的环境适宜技术。第二部分侧重于对土家传统建筑群的通风模拟分析,选择了天然形成的传统建筑群和近年来较为常见的针对旅游接待的需求建设、改造而成,但建筑结构构造、材料、形制与传统民居相同的土家建筑群分别进行模拟分析。对比得出天然建筑群的布局手法通风效果优于风貌改造后的建筑群。从而总结提出天然建筑群先房后巷、顺应山势、前低后高、前小后大的布局方式是应对自然通风的有效策略。第三部分侧重单体建筑内典型建筑空间热环境及通风的分析,着重对吊脚楼和正屋(堂屋)的热环境及风环境进行模拟。总结出吊脚楼为“吊脚空间-檐廊空间-阁楼空间”的隔热及通风系统,正屋主要通过“堂屋-阁楼”通风系统进行通风组织。实验直观地呈现了建筑中的气流情况,并在正屋(堂屋)的风环境模拟部分,设置与传统民居模型规模、形体相同但空间分隔、高度、围护结构开洞等具体做法不同的虚拟现代农宅模型进行对比模拟分析。从而提出改善现代农宅通风效果的优化策略。第四部分侧重于利用前文总结分析的土家传统建筑群的典型布局及空间处理方法,土家传统民居通过U形建筑形体向重要建筑空间导风的策略以及吊脚和阁楼等一系列空气流通的半室外空间的设置,对近年来新建的农民新村及农民新居进行优化设计。将优化方案与原方案进行对比,判断优化方案在通风上优于原方案,说明土家族建筑群与民居单体的通风技术可用于现代农村居住区及建筑单体的建设与改造。
[Abstract]:The traditional residence of Tujia nationality in southeastern Chongqing is located in Wuling Mountain area. In the process of adapting to the climate evolution of subtropical mountain area for a long time, the traditional residence of Tujia nationality in southeastern Chongqing has gradually formed its own unique architectural construction methods and techniques, especially in dealing with the humid and hot climate in summer.This paper takes the natural ventilation technology of Tujia buildings and houses in southeastern Chongqing as the research object, excavates and sums up the technical techniques therein, especially deeply discusses the ventilation mode and ventilation law of the streets, alleys and residential spaces of the buildings.Using fluente Ecotect and other software to simulate the characteristics of indoor and outdoor wind environment.And through a large number of comparative experiments and data collation and analysis, explore the passive ventilation technology, extract and summarize.In addition, based on the analysis of ventilation technology of traditional buildings and houses, this paper discusses how to effectively apply these methods to the design and creation of modern farmers' new villages and new houses of farmers, so as to realize passive energy saving of buildings.Through the research of this paper, we can further promote the technical research of ecological adaptability of Tujia traditional residential buildings, so that these traditional ecological wisdom can be passed down and applied in the contemporary era.This paper focuses on the natural ventilation technology of Tujia traditional houses in southeastern Chongqing.The first part focuses on the introduction of the basic situation of southeast Chongqing and Tujia traditional dwellings.This paper describes the excellent ventilation practices in buildings and houses, and summarizes the environmental appropriate techniques of ventilation in Tujia traditional buildings and houses.The second part focuses on the ventilation simulation analysis of Tujia traditional architectural complex, and chooses the natural formed traditional building group and the more common demand for tourism reception in recent years to build and transform, but the construction structure, materials, etc.The Tujia buildings with the same shape as the traditional houses were simulated and analyzed separately.The comparison shows that the layout and ventilation effect of natural buildings is better than that of natural buildings.It is concluded that the layout of natural buildings is an effective strategy to cope with natural ventilation.The third part focuses on the analysis of the thermal environment and ventilation of typical buildings in the single building, and focuses on the simulation of the thermal environment and the wind environment of the hanging foot building and the main building.The heat insulation and ventilation system of "hanging foot space-eaves corridor space-attic space" is summarized. The main building is ventilated by the ventilation system of "hall house-attic".In the wind environment simulation part of the main house (hall house), the scale of the model is the same as that of the traditional residence, the shape is the same but the space is separated and the height is high.The virtual modern farm house model with different methods, such as enclosure structure opening, is compared and simulated.The optimization strategy to improve the ventilation effect of modern farm house is put forward.The fourth part focuses on the typical layout and space processing methods of Tujia traditional buildings, which are summarized and analyzed above.The traditional Tujia houses are designed optimally in recent years by means of the strategy of guiding wind to the important building space by the shape of U-shaped buildings and the setting of a series of air-circulating semi-outdoor spaces such as hanging feet and attic, etc., in recent years, the newly built new peasant villages and new houses of peasants have been optimized.By comparing the optimization scheme with the original scheme, it is judged that the optimized scheme is superior to the original scheme in ventilation, which shows that the ventilation technology of Tujia buildings and houses can be used in the construction and reconstruction of modern rural residential areas and building monomers.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU253;TU834.1

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