鼓岭国家级旅游度假区总体规划景观评价研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 01:04

本文选题：鼓岭 + 景观格局　；参考：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了响应习近平总书记将鼓岭往事作为中美友谊的历史见证,福州当下正努力将鼓岭打造成为海峡西岸知名的国家级旅游度假区。而旅游度假区的开发建设势必会造成区域景观格局的变化,引起一系列的生态环境问题。如何利用景观生态学指标,分析评价旅游度假区总体规划对区域景观格局的影响和预测人类活动对景观生态环境造成的干扰,可以避免度假区建设过程中对景观生态造成严重的破坏,从而有效保护度假区及其周边的环境与资源,对度假区的可持续发展具有重要的意义。本文通过利用遥感和地理信息系统等技术获取研究区域的基础信息,主要从三个方面进行了鼓岭国家级旅游度假区总体规划的景观评价。首先通过土地利用变化数据,分析比较了鼓岭国家级旅游度假区总体规划的景观格局变化的情况。其次通过建立合理的评价体系及采用投影寻踪法确定指标的权重,定量化分析人类开发活动对度假区植被景观产生影响。最后从道路角度分析了道路网络对研究区域景观生态的造成影响。研究结果表明：(1)2012-2021年鼓岭国家级旅游度假区土地利用和景观格局发生较大变化。山林地和水体的土地利用面积减少,其他类型建设用地的土地利用面积都有所增加。规划后研究区域的景观破碎化程度变高,景观斑块形状趋于规则简单化,斑块类型在景观中呈均衡化趋势分布。(2)通过旅游开发活动对植被景观影响分析可知,鼓岭度假区大部分景点受到人类干扰活动较弱,只有茶博园、巴士停车场、山地自行车赛道、开心农场和茶园等景区受到较强干扰。这些地区是人工建筑比较集中地带,人类活动频繁,所以对植被景观影响破坏大。(3)研究区域内现状道路以干路影响生态系统面积最大,其次为支路,步道最低。而规划道路中,影响面积最大为支路,其次为干路,最小为步道。从道路影响的斑块数目来看,支路步道干路。道路影响土地利用类型面积最大为林地,其次为耕地、建设用地。道路等级越高,对林地的影响越大；而耕地则相反,道路等级越低,对耕地影响越大。(4)道路网络的形成使得其对景观影响强度迅速加强,加剧区域生态系统的破碎化程度。随着低等级道路增加,生态系统的破碎化程度也明显增加,说明低等级道路的存在对区域斑块数目和面积的变化贡献率比较大,特别是支路的存在。(5)现状道路的存在使整个研究区概率连接度指数值平均下降了11.04%。加上规划道路后,整个研究区概率连接度指数值平均又下降了1.33%。说明道路对景观生态过程的阻碍作用还是很明显的。由道路阻碍影响分析还可以得出,道路对不同生态过程的阻碍程度也有所不同,在迁移扩散距离为2000 m时,道路的阻碍程度最大,说明道路阻碍效应对迁移扩散能力较弱的生态过程影响更强。
[Abstract]:In response to General Secretary Xi Jinping's efforts to turn Guling into a famous national tourist resort on the west coast of the Strait, Fuzhou is now trying to turn Guling into a historic witness to the friendship between China and the United States. The development and construction of tourist resorts will inevitably change the regional landscape pattern and cause a series of ecological and environmental problems. How to analyze and evaluate the impact of the overall planning of tourist resorts on the regional landscape pattern and predict the disturbance caused by human activities to the landscape ecological environment by using the landscape ecological indicators. It can avoid the serious damage to the landscape ecology in the process of the construction of the resorts, thus effectively protect the environment and resources of the resorts and its surroundings, and have important significance for the sustainable development of the resorts. Through the use of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technology to obtain the basic information of the study area, the landscape evaluation of the overall planning of Guling National Tourism Resort area is carried out from three aspects. Firstly, based on the land use change data, the landscape pattern changes of Guling National Tourism Resort are analyzed and compared. Secondly, by establishing a reasonable evaluation system and using projection pursuit method to determine the weight of the indicators, the impact of human development activities on the vegetation landscape in the resort area is analyzed quantitatively. Finally, the impact of road network on regional landscape ecology is analyzed from the road point of view. The results show that the land use and landscape pattern of Guling National Tourism Resort area changed greatly in 2012-2021. The land use area of mountain forest land and water body decreased, and the land use area of other types of construction land increased. After planning, the landscape fragmentation degree of the study area becomes higher, the landscape patch shape tends to be regular and simplified, and the patch type shows an equalization trend distribution in the landscape. (2) through the analysis of the impact of tourism development activities on the vegetation landscape, we can know that, Most of the scenic spots in Guling Resort are less disturbed by human activities, but only the Tea Park, bus parking lot, mountain cycling track, happy farm and tea garden are strongly disturbed. These areas are more concentrated area of artificial buildings, human activities are frequent, so the vegetation landscape impact damage. 3) the current situation of roads in the study area of the largest impact ecosystem area, followed by branch roads, the lowest footpath. In the planning road, the most affected area is the branch road, the second is the trunk road, and the least is the footpath. Judging from the number of plaques affected by the road, the trunk road of the branch road. The most affected land use area is forestland, followed by cultivated land and construction land. The higher the road grade, the greater the influence on woodland, whereas the lower the road grade, the greater the impact on cultivated land.) the formation of road network makes the influence on landscape rapidly strengthened, and the degree of fragmentation of regional ecosystem is aggravated. With the increase of low-grade roads, the degree of ecosystem fragmentation also increased significantly, which indicated that the existence of low-grade roads had a large contribution to the changes in the number and area of regional patches. Especially, the existence of branch roads makes the probabilistic connectivity index of the whole study area decrease by 11.04 on average. After planning the road, the probabilistic connectivity index of the whole study area decreased by 1.33 on average. It shows that the obstructing effect of the road to the landscape ecological process is very obvious. It can also be concluded from the analysis of the influence of road obstruction that the degree of obstruction to different ecological processes is different. When the distance of migration and diffusion is 2000 m, the degree of obstruction of road is the largest. The results show that the road obstruction effect has stronger influence on the ecological process with weak migration and diffusion ability.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P901;TU984.18

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