平地机钢板—混凝土复合配重结构设计与有限元分析

发布时间：2018-04-30 06:20

本文选题：平地机 + 配重　；参考：《上海交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：工程机械作为一种专用设备,自身重量对整机性能有直接重要影响,常见工程机械的如挖掘机、装载机、平地机、推土机等,其作业能力大体与自身重量成正比,因此,在这些设备中有一个常见的部件即“配重”,用来平衡机器重心、增加机器的作业能力,同时保护机器不受外部撞击而损坏。根据工程机械的大小不同,配重块质量从上百公斤到十几吨不等,目前大部分工程机械采用铸铁铸造或者低碳钢焊接而成的配重,折合每公斤重量成本约5-6元,其成本较高。为降低配重成本,采用钢板-混凝土复合结构替代全金属配重是一种有效的方法之一,能够降低配重成本约80%。但是由于钢板-混凝土复合结构材料的特殊性,有针对性的的力学理论分析及研究应用目前还很匮乏。本研究以平地机为应用对象,以替代平地机铸铁配重结构为钢板-混凝土复合结构配重为研究目标,利用ABAQUS软件建立了有限元模型,设计了钢板和混凝土之间的接触关系;对钢板-混凝土配重在受到20T静力作用的应力和变形情况做了有限元分析,与钢板和混凝土在单独受力下的应力和变形对比,两者的复合结构能够相互加强,钢板外壳抗变形能力提升了约70倍。并且与铸件配重做了对比分析,结果表明在载荷20T力作用下钢板-混凝土结构替代铸铁的有效性。基于静态有限元分析,设计了平地机的碰撞试验,分析了初速度对碰撞的结果影响,得到了碰撞过程中时间和加速度、速度的关系,建立了动力学有限元分析模型。通过分析三种不同冲击速度下配重的动态力学性能,识别出了原始设计方案缺陷。根据受力情况对原有设计进行了改进,并再次进行分析,对比结果显示在3.96km/h的冲击速度下,改进后的模型碰撞变形区域减小了70%,最大变形量减小了65%,满足平地机的使用要求。
[Abstract]:As a kind of special equipment, the weight of construction machinery has a direct and important effect on the performance of the whole machine. The common construction machinery, such as excavator, loader, grader, bulldozer and so on, has a direct effect on its working ability, so its working ability is directly proportional to its own weight. A common component in these devices, "counterweight", is used to balance the center of gravity of the machine, increase its operational capacity, and protect the machine from external impact. According to the size of construction machinery, the mass of weight distribution varies from hundreds kg to more than ten tons. At present, most construction machinery use cast iron casting or low carbon steel welded counterweight, equivalent to about 5-6 yuan per kilogram weight cost, its cost is high. In order to reduce the cost of counterweight, it is an effective method to replace the whole metal counterweight with steel plate and concrete composite structure, which can reduce the cost of counterweight about 80%. However, due to the particularity of steel plate-concrete composite structure materials, there is still a lack of targeted mechanical theory analysis and research and application. Taking grader as the application object and replacing the grader cast iron counterweight structure as the research goal, the finite element model is established by using ABAQUS software, and the contact relationship between steel plate and concrete is designed. The stress and deformation of steel plate concrete counterweight under the static action of 20T are analyzed by finite element method. Compared with the stress and deformation of steel plate and concrete under separate force, the composite structure can strengthen each other. The deformation resistance of the steel shell is increased by about 70 times. The results show that the steel plate concrete structure is effective in replacing cast iron under 20T load. Based on the static finite element analysis, the impact test of a grader is designed, and the influence of initial velocity on the result of collision is analyzed. The relationship between time, acceleration and velocity in the process of collision is obtained, and the dynamic finite element analysis model is established. By analyzing the dynamic mechanical properties of three different impact velocities, the defects of the original design scheme are identified. According to the stress situation, the original design is improved and analyzed again. The comparison results show that under the impact velocity of 3.96km/h, the modified model has reduced the impact deformation area by 70 and the maximum deformation by 65, which meets the requirements of the leveling machine.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU623.6

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