农村住宅抗震性能试验及综合改造研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 14:10

本文选题：农村住宅 + 砌体结构　；参考：《北京交通大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以北京地区农村住宅为主要研究对象,通过对北京地区农村住宅结构类型和抗震性能调研,进行了典型住宅的结构分类、抗震性能分析、抗震加固措施及其优化研究；同时进行了典型农村住宅的原型和加固模型的振动台试验、构件的低周反复荷载试验、模型的材料试验以及数值模拟分析,对比分析了结构原型和加固模型在试验过程中的损伤和裂缝的发展、结构的动力特性(频率和阻尼特性、动力放大特性)、滞回曲线、刚度退化特性等,验证分析了抗震加固及节能综合改造措施的有效性和可行性,加固后模型达到了“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的抗震设防目标。本课题主要的研究内容如下： (1)在大量现场调研工作的基础上,归纳了北京地区既有典型单层农宅的结构布局特征,指出了其抗震性能方面存在的问题,提出了北京地区既有单层农宅抗震性能研究方案,建议了抗震加固的目标与抗震加固措施。 (2)根据既有农宅抗震加固性能研究方案,按照不同加固措施、不同材料特性组合,完成了3片墙体的低周反复荷载拟静力试验。分析了墙体在试验过程中开裂发展和破坏情况,总结了墙体破坏的主要特征。同时对不同试件的归一化骨架曲线、实测位移、滞回曲线、刚度退化、耗能性能等进行对比分析,总结了不同加固墙体的抗震性能和承载能力。并通过数值模拟分析,验证了实验结果的可靠性。 (3)根据农宅典型性分析结果,选取了北京地区典型三开间单层农村砖木结构住宅作为振动台试验对象,完成了1个未加固模型与2个不同抗震加固模型的模拟地震振动台试验,分别采用了8度小震(0.072g)、8度中震(0.2g)和8度大震(0.4g)的水平地震动输入,并对振动台试验结果进行分析,通过分析不同加载等级下的地震反应、结构频率和阻尼比、结构损伤和裂缝发展,总结了未加固农宅和采用不同措施抗震加固后农宅的抗震性能,检验了北京既有单层农宅的抗震能力以及验证了抗震加固措施的有效性。 (4)利用SAP2000软件,对振动台试验整体模型进行了模态分析,得出了试验模型的振动频率和振型,并对不同配重施加方式的误差和影响进行了分析。 (5)研究提出了农宅纵墙抗侧刚度的简化计算方法,解决了实际工程加固设计时,定量计算前后纵墙的抗侧刚度的问题,对于确定农宅抗震加固措施、尽可能减小前后纵墙的抗侧刚度差,有重要实用意义。回归提出了加固前后砖砌体极限承载力理论计算公式。 (6)开展了试点工程建设,根据试验模型和典型农宅结构类型,分别选取了2个试点工程,针对试点工程的结构特点分别设计了抗震加固和节能综合改造方案,并组织施工。通过与传统加固方法的对比,证明本文提出的加固方法具有加固针对性强、施工便利、经济节约等优点,同时试点工程的建设为后期农宅抗震加固和节能改造工作的全面铺开,起到了示范作用。本文提出了两种前檐加固措施：增设钢门窗框的抗震加固措施和增设钢筋混凝土门框的加固措施。提出了钢板圈梁整体加固农宅的措施。这些加固措施均是不同于传统加固方法的创新性研究成果,并已经都取得了专利。成果对北京地区乃至全国农村住宅的抗震节能综合改造都有重要技术支撑作用,已发布的《北京市农村住宅建筑(平房)综合改造实施技术导则》以本文提出的综合改造措施作为重要方法,本文成果为正在编制的北京市地方标准提供了有力的技术支持。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the rural housing in Beijing area is the main research object. Through the investigation of the type and seismic performance of the rural residential structure in Beijing, the structure classification, the seismic performance analysis, the seismic reinforcement measures and the optimization research are carried out. At the same time, the prototype of the typical rural residence and the shaking table test of the reinforcement model are carried out. The low cycle load test, the material test of the model and the numerical simulation analysis are used to compare the damage and crack development of the structural prototype and the reinforcement model in the test process, the dynamic characteristics of the structure (frequency and damping characteristic, dynamic magnification characteristic), the hysteresis curve and the stiffness degradation characteristics, which verify and analyze the seismic reinforcement and energy saving. The effectiveness and feasibility of the comprehensive reform measures, after the reinforcement model reached the "small earthquake is not bad, the medium earthquake can be repaired, the big earthquake does not fall" the seismic fortification target. The main research content of this topic is as follows:
(1) on the basis of a large number of field research work, the structural layout characteristics of the typical single layer farmhouses in Beijing are summarized, the existing problems in the seismic performance are pointed out, and the seismic performance research scheme of the single layer farmhouses in Beijing is proposed, and the targets for seismic reinforcement and the seismic reinforcement measures are suggested.
(2) according to the research scheme of the seismic strengthening performance of the existing farm house, according to the different reinforcement measures and the combination of different material properties, the low cycle cyclic loading pseudo static test of 3 walls has been completed. The cracking development and destruction of the wall in the test process are analyzed, the main characteristics of the wall failure are summarized, and the normalized skeleton of different specimens is also summarized. Line, measured displacement, hysteresis curve, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation performance are compared and analyzed. The seismic performance and bearing capacity of different reinforced walls are summarized, and the reliability of the experimental results is verified by numerical simulation analysis.
(3) according to the typical analysis results of the farm house, a typical three single single layer rural brick and wood structure residence in Beijing area is selected as a shaking table test, and 1 simulated earthquake shaking table tests are completed with 1 unreinforced models and 2 different seismic reinforcement models, and the levels of 8 degree small earthquakes (0.2g), 8 degree medium earthquake (0.4g) and 8 degree large earthquake (0.4g) are used respectively. The seismic response of different loading grades, structural frequency and damping ratio, structural damage and crack development are analyzed, and the seismic performance of the unreinforced farmhouses and the seismic reinforcement of the farmhouses with different measures are summarized, and the seismic ability of the existing single layer farmhouses in Beijing and the test are tested and tested. The effectiveness of the seismic reinforcement measures is proved.
(4) using the SAP2000 software, the modal analysis of the whole model of the shaking table test is carried out. The vibration frequency and vibration mode of the test model are obtained, and the error and influence of the different weights are analyzed.
(5) the simplified calculation method of the lateral stiffness of the vertical wall of the farm house is put forward. The problem of the lateral stiffness of the longitudinal wall before and after the quantitative calculation is solved when the actual engineering reinforcement is designed. It is important to reduce the anti lateral stiffness of the vertical wall as far as possible for the aseismic strengthening measures of the farm house, and the regression puts forward the limit of the brick masonry before and after the reinforcement. The theoretical calculation formula of bearing capacity.
(6) to carry out the pilot project construction, 2 pilot projects are selected according to the experimental model and the typical type of farm house structure. According to the structural characteristics of the pilot projects, the comprehensive reform scheme of seismic strengthening and energy saving is designed and the construction is organized. The reinforcement methods proposed in this paper have the reinforcing needles compared with the traditional reinforcement methods. With the advantages of strong sex, convenient construction and economical saving, the construction of the pilot project has played an exemplary role in the comprehensive spread of the anti-seismic strengthening and energy saving reform of the later farm houses.
This paper puts forward two measures for strengthening the front eaves: strengthening the seismic strengthening measures of the steel door window frame and strengthening the reinforcement of the reinforced concrete door frame. The measures of the whole reinforcement of the farm house are proposed. These measures are all the innovative research results different from the traditional reinforcement methods, and have already obtained the patent.
The results have important technical support for the comprehensive transformation of the rural residential buildings in Beijing and the country. The technical guidelines for the comprehensive transformation of rural residential buildings (flat houses) in Beijing have been issued as an important method for the comprehensive reform measures proposed in this article. The fruit of this article is provided for the local standard of Beijing City, which is being compiled. Strong technical support.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU241.4;TU352.1

【参考文献】