合肥市域生态廊道景观格局的研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 07:54

本文选题：生态廊道 + 网络格局　；参考：《安徽农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市的快速发展,城市中充斥着太多的混凝土结构,人们居住的环境日益恶化,同时由于城市发展过程中人们的不合理开发与利用,造成自然斑块不足,城市绿量逐渐降低。因此,要想改善城市的生态环境,增加城市的绿化率,城市生态廊道的建设尤为重要。本文利用Daogle、ArcGis、Erdas、GoogleEarth等软件,运用景观生态学的方法,对合肥市域范围内的各类型生态廊道的景观构成、网络结构特点、城市绿色廊道的节点与绿心分布、绿色骨干廊道、道路绿色廊道的内部结构进行分析与研究。研究区面积11429.68 km：,其中市区面积约925 km2(含巢湖水域面积72.93km2)。结论如下：(1)合肥市域范围内主要有由植被组成的绿色廊道、交通网组成的灰色廊道、水系组成的蓝色廊道。廊道总面积为984.45 km：,占研究区面积的8.6%；灰色廊道、蓝色廊道、绿色廊道的面积分别占廊道总面积的38.14%、10.15%、51.71%;而绿色廊道面积最大,其中,道路绿色廊道长度为15040.28 km,面积为416.79 km2,密度为1.32 km/km2,又以各县主路绿色廊道的比重最大。道路绿色廊道无论是长度、面积,还是密度,其值都大于河流绿色廊道；环城绿带的面积仅占绿色廊道总面积的3.88%,面积最小；合肥市域绿色廊道的网络总面积为864.82km2,虽只占研究区总面积的8%,但其作用却很重要；合肥市域绿色廊道网络总面积中,绿色廊道面积最大为509.1 km2,节点面积次之为310.33 km2,绿心面积最小为45.39 km2。(2)合肥市各县各类型廊道的景观构成分析,结果表明：各县的道路绿色廊道面积为：长丰(58.72km2)肥东(40.42 km2》庐江(29.83 km2)巢湖(26.73km2)肥西(21.4 km2)；河流绿色廊道面积占各县绿色廊道总面积的比例为：庐江(11.9%)长丰(7.6%)肥西(6.6%)肥东(5.8%)巢湖(5.4%)；从绿色廊道总的密度来看,各县的河流绿色廊道的密度相差不大,但道路绿色廊道密度最大的是长丰县,其密度为1,69,占绿色廊道总密度的30.67%。(3)道路绿色廊道的建设率普遍高于河流绿色廊道,各县的道路绿色廊道建设率依次为：肥东0.94长丰0.82巢湖0.8庐江0.78肥西0.6；河流绿色廊道的建设率普遍较低,各县均有一半以上的河流廊道没有绿化覆盖。(4)合肥市域范围内,绿色廊道的网络总的线点率为1.142,环通度为0.231,连通度为0.542,总体上绿色网络结构不够完善,影响了绿色廊道的生态效应。而相比之下,绿色骨干廊道的网络结构比之复杂的多。在合肥市绿色骨干廊道的网络系统中,道路、河流的绿色骨干廊道的线点率分别为1,28、1.18；环通度分别为0.32、0.33；连通度分别为0.59、0.61。(5)合肥市域范围内共有1220个绿色廊道节点,其中：道路绿廊节点居多,有1035个,占总节点数的84.84%；而河流绿廊的节点较少,仅有181个。另外,绿色廊道的总面积也不大,为310.33 km2,占研究区面积的2.72%。除了城市主要交通干道的大型立交桥下所构成的节点面积较大之外,一般情况下绿色廊道的节点面积较小。(6)合肥市域的绿色廊道共有292个附着节点,总面积为45.-9 km2,其分布范围从0,008 km2到3.069 km2不等,平均面积为0.157 km2。其中,道路绿廊的绿心所占比重较河流绿廊的大,其面积约占绿心总面积的77.37%。(7)研究合肥市域的主次干道及对外交通干道的绿色廊道的断面形式及植物的配置情况,发现合肥市区道路断面布局以两板三带式为主,而三板四带式和四板五带式的出现的频率较低。合肥市的道路绿色廊道的植物多以乡土树种为主,也适当应用了表现良好的外来树种；道路绿色分车带一般具有一定的宽度,其植物的配置多以乔、灌、草组成的复层结构,而在道路两侧绿化带,植物的配置较为简单,多为单一的乔木,偶有配有灌木和地被植物,绿化结构较单一。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the city, there are too many concrete structures in the city, the living environment is worsening. At the same time, because of the irrational development and utilization of people in the process of urban development, the natural patches are insufficient and the green quantity of the city is gradually reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the ecological environment of the city, increase the greening rate of the city, and the urban life. The construction of the corridor is particularly important. Using the software of Daogle, ArcGis, Erdas, and GoogleEarth, the landscape structure of various types of ecological corridors in the area of Hefei, the characteristics of the network structure, the distribution of green corridor nodes and green heart, the green backbone corridor and the green corridor of the road are carried out in this paper. The area of the study area is 11429.68 km:, the area of which is about 925 km2 (including Chaohu water area 72.93km2). Conclusions are as follows: (1) there are green corridors consisting of vegetation, gray corridor composed of traffic network and blue corridor composed of water system in Hefei area. The total area of the corridor is 984.45 km:, accounting for 8.6 of the area of the study area. The area of grey corridor, blue corridor and green corridor accounted for 38.14%, 10.15%, 51.71% of the total corridor area respectively, and the green corridor area was the largest, of which the green corridor length was 15040.28 km, the area was 416.79 km2, the density was 1.32 km/km2, and the proportion of the green corridors of the main roads in each county was the largest. The road green corridor was the length and surface. The area of the green belt around the city is only 3.88% of the total green corridor area, and the area is the smallest. The total area of the green corridor in Hefei is 864.82km2, although it only accounts for 8% of the total area of the study area, but its role is very important; in the total area of the green corridor network in Hefei City, the green corridor area is in the total area. The maximum of the product is 509.1 km2, the area of node is 310.33 km2 and the area of green center is 45.39 km2. (2). The landscape structure of various corridors in Hefei county is analyzed. The results show that the green corridor area of the counties is: Changfeng (58.72km2) Feidong (40.42 km2> Lujiang (29.83 km2) Chaohu (26.73km2) Feixi (21.4 km2), and the green corridor of the river. The proportion of the total area of green corridor in each county is: Lujiang (11.9%) Changfeng (7.6%) Feixi (6.6%) Feidong (5.8%) Chaohu (5.4%). From the total density of the green corridor, the density of the green corridor of the rivers in each county is small, but the density of the road green corridor is the largest in Changfeng County, and its density is 1,69, which accounts for the 30.67%. of the total green corridor density. 3) the road green corridor construction rate is generally higher than the river green corridor, the road green corridor construction rate in each county is in turn: Feidong 0.94 Changfeng 0.82 Chaohu 0.8 Lujiang 0.78 Feixi 0.6; the river green corridor construction rate is generally low, more than half of the counties have no green coverage in the river corridor. (4) the green corridor within the range of Hefei City, green corridor The total network line point rate of the network is 1.142, the ring connectivity is 0.231, the connectivity is 0.542, and the green network structure is not perfect on the whole, which affects the ecological effect of the green corridor. In contrast, the network structure of the green corridor is more complex than that. In the network system of the green backbone corridor in Hefei, the road and the green backbone corridor of the river The line point rate of the road is 1,28,1.18, the ring pass is 0.32,0.33, and the connectivity is 0.59,0.61. (5) in Hefei. There are 1220 green corridor nodes in the area of Hefei. Among them, there are many road green corridor nodes, 1035 and 84.84% of the total node number, while the river green corridors are less than 181. In addition, the total area of green corridor is the total area. It is also small, for 310.33 km2, the area of 2.72%., which accounts for the area of the research area, is larger than the large flyovers of the main traffic main road of the city. In general, the node area of the green corridor is smaller. (6) there are 292 attached nodes in the green corridor of Hefei City, with a total area of 45.-9 km2, and their distribution range from 0008 km2 to 3.06 9 km2, with an average area of 0.157 km2., has a larger proportion of green corridors in road green corridors than that of the river green corridor. The area is about 77.37%. (7) of the total green area of the green heart (7). The section of the main and secondary road and the green corridor of the main road in Hefei is studied. The layout of the road section in Hefei is found to be two plate and three. The band type is the main type, while the frequency of the three plate four belt and the four plate and the five band is lower. The green corridor plants in Hefei are mostly native trees, and are suitable for the good external tree species; the road green car belt usually has a certain width, and the plant is mostly composed of the complex layer of Joe, irrigation and grass. The plants on both sides of the road are relatively simple in configuration, mostly single trees, sometimes with shrubs and ground cover plants.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU985.2

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