徽州传统民居室内环境营造技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 01:57

本文选题：徽州传统民居 + 光环境　；参考：《安徽工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：传统民居是长期适应当地自然环境与社会环境的产物，在实际使用中经过不断地调试改良，形成了各种气候适应性的方法与技术。位于皖南地区的徽派传统民居在室内环境营造方面有着良好的气候适应性，传统民居的天井对于室内空气流动及采光具有重要作用，它是徽派建筑空间中最积极、最活跃的构成要素。通过对徽州传统民居的实地调研，掌握了传统民居室内环境的影响要素，村落的选址规划、水系的设计、街巷及天井空间为室内环境的营造创造了有利的条件。通过对几栋具有代表性的传统民居室内外环境的连续实测，掌握了传统民居室内环境现状。实测结果显示传统民居围护结构隔热性能较好，过渡季节室外平均风速为0.75m/s，在夏季、过渡季节能够利用自然通风进行通风降温；围护结构冬季防寒效果较差；传统民居明堂的采光系数均在2%以上，满足《绿色建筑评价标准》中对于室内采光系数的要求。以典型三合院式民居树人堂为研究对象，借助ECOTECT软件研究树人堂室内光环境及热环境，得出传统民居天井及室内灵活隔断对于采光具有重要意义，室内采光系数最低值为2.1%，采光系数平均值为10.6%，采光均匀度为0.198，表明传统民居室内采光不均匀；外墙和木板之间的空气层对于围护结构隔热效果显著；夏季传统民居通过围护结构得热量占到总得热量的5.5%，而在冬季通过围护结构损失的热量很大，占总热损失的51.1%，表明传统民居围护结构在冬季保温效果不良。以树人堂为研究对象，借助AIRPAK软件研究树人堂室内外风环境，建立了3栋建筑组成的并列式建筑群组，模拟封闭的建筑群组处于大气边界层中室外区域的风场分布情况。结果显示迎风面风压处于1.3~1.6Pa之间，风压作用下自然通风能力沿着建筑高度方向递增，在建筑物的2/3高度处风压达到最大，为1.6Pa。背风面风压在-0.5~0Pa之间，建筑前后压差达到2Pa，，为民居室内自然通风的营造创造了条件。研究了树人堂在3种模拟工况（夏季主导风向下、白天静风工况及夜间静风工况）下的室内风环境，得出天井对于夜间热压通风效果显著。通过以上连续实测及模拟分析发现，徽州传统民居通过利用建筑朝向、采用天井热压、风压等通风模式及合理布置室内冷源来营造自然通风；通过天井及室内灵活隔断来营造自然采光；围护结构采用流动的空气层来达到隔热的效果。同时，传统民居由于开窗小，不利于穿堂风的形成，导致民居卧室通风差；存在室内采光不均匀、围护结构不利于冬季防寒等问题。针对传统民居存在的问题进行了改善并对有利于室内环境营造方面的生态元素进行了现代更新，从建筑布局、开窗、天井尺寸等方面对新型民居进行了改造，为在新农村建设形势下徽州地区的现代民居建筑的设计提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Traditional residence is the product of adapting to the local natural and social environment for a long time. Through continuous adjustment and improvement in practical use, various methods and techniques of climate adaptability have been formed. Huizhou traditional residence in the south of Anhui has good climate adaptability in indoor environment construction. The patio of traditional residence plays an important role in indoor air flow and daylighting, and it is the most active building space of Huizhou school. The most active component. Based on the field investigation of Huizhou traditional residential buildings, the factors influencing the indoor environment of traditional houses, the location planning of villages, the design of water system, the streets and lanes and the space of patio have created favorable conditions for the indoor environment construction. Through the continuous measurement of the indoor and outdoor environment of several representative traditional houses, the present situation of indoor environment of the traditional houses is grasped. The measured results show that the thermal insulation performance of the traditional residential enclosure structure is better, the average outdoor wind speed is 0.75 m / s in the transition season, in summer, natural ventilation can be used to reduce the temperature in the transition season, and the cold prevention effect of the enclosure structure in winter is poor. The daylighting coefficient of the traditional Ming Hall is above 2%, which meets the requirement of indoor lighting coefficient in the Green Building Evaluation Standard. Taking Shuren Hall, a typical residential building of Sanheyuan, as the research object, and using ECOTECT software to study the indoor light environment and thermal environment of Shurentang, it is concluded that the traditional residential patio and flexible indoor partition are of great significance for daylighting. The lowest value of indoor lighting coefficient is 2.1, the average daylighting coefficient is 10.6 and the light uniformity is 0.198, which indicates that the indoor lighting of traditional residential buildings is uneven, and the air layer between exterior wall and plank has remarkable effect on the insulation of enclosure structure. In summer, the traditional residential buildings get 5.5% of the total heat through the enclosure structure, while in winter, the heat loss through the enclosure structure is very large, accounting for 51.1% of the total heat loss, which indicates that the heat preservation effect of the traditional residential enclosure structure in winter is not good. Taking Shuren Hall as the research object and using AIRPAK software to study the indoor and outdoor wind environment of Shuren Hall, a parallel building group composed of three buildings was established to simulate the wind field distribution of the closed building group in the outdoor area of the atmospheric boundary layer. The results show that the windward wind pressure is between 1.3~1.6Pa and the natural ventilation capacity increases along the direction of building height under the action of wind pressure. The maximum wind pressure is 1.6 Paat at 2 / 3 height of the building. The pressure of leeward is between -0.5 and 0. 0 Pa, and the difference of pressure before and after building is 2 Pa. this creates conditions for the construction of natural ventilation in the living room. The indoor wind environment of Shurentang under three simulated conditions (summer dominant wind direction daytime static wind and night static wind) has been studied. The results show that the effectiveness of patio for nocturnal hot press ventilation is remarkable. Through the continuous measurement and simulation analysis above, it is found that Huizhou traditional houses build natural ventilation by using building orientation, adopting ventilation mode such as hot pressure of patio, wind pressure and reasonable arrangement of indoor cold source. The natural lighting is created by the flexible partition of the patio and indoor, and the heat insulation is achieved by using the flowing air layer in the enclosure. At the same time, because of the small window opening, the traditional residence is not conducive to the formation of the entrance wind, resulting in poor ventilation in the bedrooms, the indoor lighting is uneven, and the enclosure structure is not conducive to winter cold prevention and so on. In view of the problems existing in the traditional residential buildings, this paper improves the ecological elements in favor of indoor environmental construction, and renovates the new residential buildings from the aspects of architectural layout, window opening and the size of the patio, and so on. It provides a theoretical basis for the design of modern residential buildings in Huizhou under the situation of new rural construction.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU241.5

【参考文献】