砂岩质煤矸石烧制外墙保温泡沫材料的试验研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 11:42

  本文选题：砂岩质煤矸石 + 保温泡沫材料　； 参考：《东北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：煤矸石是我国占地最多和累计存量最大的工业废弃物。煤矸石每年排放量超过3亿吨,逐年增长,约占全国工业废渣排放量的1/4。大量的煤矸石堆积成矸石山不仅侵占土地破坏生态环境,而且容易引发地质灾害。其淋滤物污染水体,自燃后生成有害气体污染环境、影响人体健康。另一方面,随着新一轮建筑节能65%的设计标准在全国开始推广实施,建筑物安全防火性能要求愈发严格,有机保温材料由于在防火性能上的缺陷,将会受到很大的使用限制,急需无机防火的保温材料替代。国内对于煤矸石的大宗资源化利用,用以制取空心砖等传统建材较多,应用也比较成熟,而用于烧制泡沫保温墙体材料尚处于起步阶段。由于煤矸石外墙保温泡沫材料的保温防火性能优越,用以建筑物外墙保温,能够实现建筑向绿色、低耗方向发展,市场需求巨大,应用前景广泛。当前,国内用膨胀珍珠岩、岩棉等研制无机保温材料的研究应用较多,取得了一定的成果。但以煤矸石为主要原料的相关研究很少,只有少量的黏土质煤矸石研究,类似辽宁朝阳地区的砂岩质煤矸石,由于可塑性低,成型困难,严重制约了其大宗化、资源化利用。本文以砂岩质煤矸石为主要原料,掺配抛光砖泥,通过理论分析发泡造孔机理和试验研究,探索一套提高原料可塑性、生产合格制品的工艺技术方案。本试验采取优化颗粒级配、陈化增塑、添加无机增塑剂等措施提高煤矸石泥料的塑性；选取抛光砖泥为辅料,以体积密度、抗压强度、导热系数为指标,通过掺量的不同,分析掺入料对前述指标的影响,在保证烧结制品品质的基础上,确定最大化利用砂岩质煤矸石的最佳配合比例；以前期试验和分析研究为基础,选用水玻璃为粘结剂,碳化硅和氧化镁为复合造孔剂,硼砂为助熔剂,设计正交试验确定了适宜的添加剂添加量；以对烧结制度影响较大的预热温度、预热时间、烧结温度和保温时间为四个因素进行烧结方案优化,确定了烧制保温材料的最佳工艺条件：预热温度400℃、预热时间20min、烧结温度1150℃、保温时间20min。该条件下烧制的保温材料质量符合制品的质量要求。
[Abstract]:Coal gangue is the largest industrial waste in China. The annual discharge of coal gangue exceeds 300 million tons, increasing year by year, accounting for about a quarter of the national discharge of industrial waste residue. A large amount of coal gangue accumulated into gangue mountain not only encroaches on the land to destroy the ecological environment, but also easily causes geological disasters. Its leachate pollutes the water body and produces harmful gas to pollute the environment after spontaneous combustion, which affects human health. On the other hand, with the implementation of a new round of design standards for building energy conservation of 65%, the requirements for building safety and fire resistance are becoming more stringent, and the use of organic insulation materials will be greatly restricted because of their defects in fire resistance. It is urgent to replace the thermal insulation material with inorganic fire resistance. In China, there are many traditional building materials such as hollow brick, which are used to make hollow brick, and the application is mature, but it is still in the initial stage for burning foam insulation wall materials. Because of the superior thermal insulation and fire resistance of coal gangue exterior wall thermal insulation foam material used for building exterior wall insulation can realize the development of building towards green and low consumption. The market demand is huge and the application prospect is wide. At present, the research and application of inorganic insulation materials such as expanded perlite and rock wool have been widely used in China, and some achievements have been made. However, the research on coal gangue as the main raw material is rare, only a small amount of clay coal gangue is studied, similar to the sandstone coal gangue in Chaoyang area of Liaoning Province, because of its low plasticity and difficult forming, it seriously restricts its mass and resource utilization. In this paper, sandstone coal gangue is used as the main raw material, mixed with polished brick mud. Through theoretical analysis of foaming mechanism and experimental study, a set of technological scheme to improve the plasticity of raw materials and produce qualified products is explored. In this experiment, some measures such as optimizing particle gradation, aging plasticizing and adding inorganic plasticizer are adopted to improve the plasticity of coal gangue, and the polished brick slime is selected as auxiliary material, and the volume density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity are taken as indexes, and the content of different admixture is different. On the basis of analyzing the influence of the admixture on the above indexes, on the basis of ensuring the quality of the sintered products, the optimum proportion of maximizing the utilization of sandstone gangue is determined, and the water glass is chosen as the binder on the basis of preliminary test and analysis. Using silicon carbide and magnesium oxide as composite pore-making agent and borax as flux, the optimum additive amount was determined by orthogonal test, and the preheating temperature and preheating time were greatly affected by sintering process. Four factors, sintering temperature and holding time, were optimized, and the optimum process conditions were determined: preheating temperature 400 鈩，

本文编号：2013910