四川寒冷地区建筑围护结构节能系统的技术经济研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 02:30

本文选题：公共建筑 + 围护结构节能　；参考：《西南石油大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来我国经济高速发展,建筑面积总量不断攀升,建筑产业得到了长足的发展。然而,该阶段的发展却呈现出粗放型特征,建筑物内部的热环境问题没有得到足够的重视,无法满足人们对室内环境舒适性的要求,同时高能耗的建筑造成了严重的能源浪费和环境污染,不符合当前我国在紧张的能源形势背景下建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的国策要求。通过以定性和定量的方法研究公共建筑节能的技术经济性,得到采用适当的节能技术在提高建筑物室内热环境舒适度、减少环境污染、改善生态环境的同时,也具有相当的经济效益这一结论,意在激发建筑节能领域的思想碰撞,促进节能技术的推广应用。鉴于公共建筑的节能重要性,本文对公共建筑围护结构节能进行研究,主要工作有：第一,通过查阅文献,阐述了国内外相关领域研究现状,包括节能标准的差异、节能设计对象、各构件节能设计的思路、节能效果的影响因子、节能评价的指标等等。总结出了本文的研究内容、方法和理论。第二,研究四川寒冷地区的气候特点和热工设计要求,结合我国公共建筑和民用建筑节能技术标准和规范,总结出公共建筑围护结构中常用的屋面、外墙、外窗和地面节能技术的构造层次,确定用于比较围护结构类型。第三,运用正交试验设计的原理和方法,设计了16种围护结构节能构件组合方式,其中,运用了同位级的L16(44)正交表,使方案之间具有均衡分散和整齐可比的性质。通过能耗模拟的方法,采用了PBECA2012软件,计算出16个组合围护结构运行阶段的能耗量。经过排队评分法的初步分析,得到该模型中对围护结构能耗影响的构件先后顺序为外窗、外墙、屋面、地面。第四,采用清单计价的编制方式,计算出节能围护结构的节能初始成本增量,结合能耗软件模拟结果得到的年节能收益,以节能差额净现值和动态投资回收期作为主要指标建立经济评价模型,对节能组合方案进行对比研究,差额净现值都大于零,且动态投资回收期都远远小于建筑寿命期,因此认为各节能组合均具有投资可行性。第五,运用不确定性分析的方法,对节能差额净现值和动态投资回收期进行单因素敏感性研究,得到敏感性顺序分别为节能效率折现率节能成本变动率电价增长率和节能成本变动率实际节能效率折现率电价增长率。针对节能差额净现值影响较大的节能效率和折现率进行双因素敏感性研究,得到节能效率和折现率同时变动时对差额净现值的影响程度和方案的风险。最后,通过九寨沟县的综合办公楼实例,验证了四川省寒冷地区围护结构节能的技术先进性和经济合理性。总结论文研究的成果,对我国公共建筑节能发出倡议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the total amount of building area has been rising, and the construction industry has been greatly developed. However, the development of this stage shows extensive characteristics, the thermal environment problem in the building has not been paid enough attention to, and can not meet the requirements of indoor environment comfort. At the same time, the building with high energy consumption has caused serious energy waste and environmental pollution, which does not meet the national policy requirements of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society under the background of the tense energy situation in our country. By using qualitative and quantitative methods to study the technical and economic efficiency of energy saving in public buildings, it is obtained that adopting appropriate energy saving technology can improve the comfort of indoor thermal environment, reduce environmental pollution and improve ecological environment, at the same time, The conclusion of considerable economic benefit is intended to stimulate the collision of ideas in the field of building energy conservation and to promote the popularization and application of energy saving technology. In view of the importance of energy conservation in public buildings, the main work of this paper is as follows: first, by consulting the literature, this paper expounds the current research situation in related fields at home and abroad, including the differences of energy conservation standards. Energy-saving design object, the ideas of each component energy-saving design, the influence factor of energy-saving effect, the index of energy-saving evaluation and so on. The research contents, methods and theories of this paper are summarized. Second, the climatic characteristics and thermal design requirements of cold areas in Sichuan Province are studied. Combined with the technical standards and specifications for energy conservation of public buildings and civil buildings in China, the common roof and exterior walls of public building envelope structures are summarized. External windows and floor energy-saving technologies are structured to determine the type of enclosure structure used to compare. Thirdly, using the principle and method of orthogonal test design, 16 kinds of energy saving components combination of envelope structure are designed, in which, the orthogonal table of the same level L16C44) is used, which makes the schemes have the properties of equilibrium, dispersion and neatly comparable. Using PBECA2012 software, the energy consumption of 16 composite envelope structures was calculated by energy consumption simulation. Through the preliminary analysis of the queuing scoring method, it is obtained that the order of the components that affect the energy consumption of the envelope structure in this model is the outer window, the external wall, the roof and the ground. Fourthly, the energy saving initial cost increment of the energy saving envelope structure is calculated by using the method of list valuation, and the annual energy saving income is obtained by combining the energy consumption software simulation results. Taking the net present value of energy saving difference and the recovery period of dynamic investment as the main indexes, the economic evaluation model is established. The comparison of the energy saving combination scheme shows that the difference net present value is greater than zero, and the recovery period of dynamic investment is much smaller than the life cycle of the building. Therefore, it is considered that each energy-saving portfolio has investment feasibility. Fifthly, using the method of uncertainty analysis, we study the sensitivity of single factor to the difference net present value of energy saving and the payback period of dynamic investment. The order of sensitivity is energy efficiency discount rate energy saving cost change rate electricity price growth rate and actual energy saving efficiency discount rate electricity price growth rate. This paper studies the sensitivity of energy saving efficiency and discount rate which have great influence on the net present value of energy saving difference, and obtains the degree of influence on the difference net present value and the risk of the scheme when the energy saving efficiency and discount rate change at the same time. Finally, through the example of the comprehensive office building in Jiuzhaigou County, the technical advancement and economic rationality of the energy saving of the enclosure structure in the cold area of Sichuan Province are verified. Summing up the research results of the paper, to our country public building energy-saving initiatives.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU111.4

【参考文献】