适于自然通风的建筑构型优化研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 08:28

本文选题：自然通风 + 构建配置　；参考：《河北工程大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：建筑节能是现代社会的要求，营建绿色建筑是建筑业的发展趋势。建筑环境对于人的安全、健康、热舒适和工作效率的提高是非常重要的。随着现代技术手段的提高，机械通风的方法的被广泛地用于建筑环境的改善。机械通风的方法可以方便地实现人们所要求的室内通风环境，但会产生大量的建筑能耗和通风噪音。为克服机械通风的缺点，在当今绿色建筑的理念下，自然通风的方式越来越受到重视和推崇。自然通风是指依靠自然界风力造成的风压和由于室内外空气温度差所引起的热压，来驱使空气流动，，以形成一定的室内空气环境。与机械通风相比,自然通风不需要复杂的通风设备和专门动力,结构简单,但是存在压头小，稳定性差，难以控制等缺点。采用自然通风的目的是在某些地区、某些气候条件下、某些时间内尽量代替(或部分代替)机械通风及制冷空调系统，以实现室内空气环境的改善并最大限度地减少建筑能耗和节约能源。自然通风的效果不仅取决于通风动力，同时也取决于建筑构型的通风阻力，在进行建筑环境设计时，应本着“自然第一和机械第二”的原则，在建筑设计的方案阶段就应该对建筑的构建配置予以更多的关注,对建筑的构型进行优化以使得建筑物更好地适应自然通风，尽可能大地利用(包括控制)自然的力量，达到节能的目的。热压和风压是建筑自然通风的动力,它们不是常数,有时候会是意想不到的少。在建筑物中，只有空气流动的阻力非常小时，空气才可以很好地流通。所以建筑自然通风设计的问题和重点工作是合理安排空气通道(或走廊)。建立最佳通风井和空气通道，包括位置、数量、尺寸、壁面粗糙度等;优化配置空气的进口和出口，包括位置、数量、尺寸、阻力系数等;为了使通风可调节,空气调节阀门和阻尼器在自然通风系统中是不可少的。在本文中,提出和讨论了一些适合于自然通风的建筑构建配置。基于CFD模拟手段，用流体模拟软件Fluent分别对建筑中加入通风竖井和太阳能烟囱、建筑物底层架空这几种适合于自然通风的构建配置后的室内气流组织进行了模拟和仿真研究，选择出这三种构建配置可以达到最佳自然通风效果的最优尺寸和比例。最后，将三种最优尺寸和比例的构建配置同时应用到建筑物中，再次用Fluent软件进行模拟仿真，比较优化前后的效果。通过选择四种不同气象地区，在中国地区从东到西(上海、武汉、西安和乌鲁木齐)来研究这种构建配置优化建筑物自然通风效果在地理区域上的适应性，得出了最适合这种优化方案改造的地区。同时，本文中还对室内自然通风性能评价指标进行了总结和概述，基于建筑环境模拟分析软件Airpak得出了一些室内自然通风性能评价指标：ADPI、房间换气次数、平均空气龄、PMV和PPD等等。综合多方面来对建筑物自然通风效果进行模拟分析和评价，将更加有利于节能建筑和绿色建筑的设计工作。
[Abstract]:Building energy saving is the requirement of modern society. Building green building is the development trend of the construction industry. The building environment is very important for the improvement of human safety, health, thermal comfort and efficiency. With the improvement of modern technology, the method of mechanical ventilation is widely used in the improvement of the building environment. The method of mechanical ventilation can be used. In order to overcome the disadvantages of mechanical ventilation, natural ventilation is being paid more and more attention to and praised under the concept of green building. Natural ventilation refers to the wind pressure on natural wind and the air temperature in indoor and outer space. The thermal pressure caused by the degree difference to drive the air flow to form a certain indoor air environment. Compared with the mechanical ventilation, natural ventilation does not require complicated ventilation and special power. The structure is simple, but the pressure head is small, the stability is poor, and it is difficult to control. The purpose of using natural ventilation is in some areas, some climate conditions. To replace (or partially replace) mechanical ventilation and refrigeration air conditioning systems for some time in order to improve the indoor air environment and minimize building energy consumption and energy conservation. The effect of natural ventilation depends not only on the ventilation power, but also on the ventilation resistance of the building configuration and the design of the building environment. In accordance with the principle of "natural first and mechanical second", more attention should be paid to the construction and configuration of the architecture at the stage of architectural design, and the configuration of the building should be optimized so that the building can be better adapted to natural ventilation, as far as possible use (including control) the power of nature to achieve the purpose of energy conservation.
Hot pressure and wind pressure are the driving forces of natural ventilation in buildings. They are not constant, sometimes unexpected. In buildings, only air flow resistance is very small, the air can be well circulated. So the problem and key work of the natural ventilation design of buildings is to arrange the air passage (or corridor). Wells and air channel, including location, number, size, surface roughness and so on; optimal allocation of air import and export, including location, number, size, resistance coefficient and so on; in order to make the adjustable ventilation, air conditioning valves and dampers is indispensable in the natural ventilation system.
In this paper, some construction configurations suitable for natural ventilation are proposed and discussed. Based on the CFD simulation method, the ventilation shaft and solar chimney are added to the building with the fluid simulation software Fluent, and the indoor airflow organization, which are suitable for natural ventilation, is simulated and simulated. In the study, the optimum size and proportion of the three configurations to achieve the best natural ventilation effect are selected. Finally, the construction configuration of the three optimal sizes and proportions is applied to the building at the same time. Fluent software is used to simulate and compare the effects before and after the optimization. By selecting four different meteorological areas, in China From the east to the West (Shanghai, Wuhan, Xi'an and Urumqi) to study the adaptability of this construction to optimize the natural ventilation effect of the building in the geographical area, and get the most suitable area for the optimization of the optimization scheme. At the same time, this paper also summarizes and summarizes the evaluation index of indoor natural ventilation performance, based on the simulation of the building environment. The analysis software Airpak has obtained some indoor natural ventilation performance evaluation indexes: ADPI, room ventilation times, average air age, PMV and PPD and so on. Comprehensive and multiple aspects of the natural ventilation effect of buildings are simulated and evaluated, which will be more conducive to the design of energy-saving buildings and green construction.
【学位授予单位】：河北工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU834

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