负刚度磁流变阻尼器减震系统的理论与实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 19:37

本文选题：振动控制 + 负刚度控制　；参考：《华中科技大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：在土木结构的振动控制领域,结构振动的半主动控制因具有输入能量少、控制效果好、实用性强等优势成为近些年的研究热点。目前的半主动控制方法会提高结构的刚度,虽然可以较好的控制结构的层间位移但对加速度的控制效果并不理想。负刚度振动控制由于可部分抵消结构抗侧刚度,从而使加速度得到更好的控制。目前国内外在这方面的研究尚处于起步阶段,研究成果较少,未见到负刚度减震控制结构中正负刚度阻尼器的布置规律及其减震结构的振动台实验研究,本文研究旨在弥补这些不足。本文主要研究工作有以下四个方面： 1)对单自由度体系和双自由度体系进行负刚度阻尼器减震的理论分析。通过对单自由度结构的理论分析,发现负刚度阻尼器较传统阻尼器更有利于提高结构减震效果；通过对比分析多种双自由度体系的减震方法,发现当负刚度阻尼器布置在结构下部时可取得更好的减震效果。 2)对Benchmark模型进行了负刚度减震的阻尼器优化布置研究。提出了MATLAB与SAP2000混合分析的新方法,编制了相应基于遗传算法的MATLAB优化分析程序。采用编制的程序对20层Benchmark模型进行正、负刚度阻尼器的优化布置研究,得出了负刚度减震控制结构正负刚度阻尼器的布置规律：首层应布置正刚度阻尼器,中下部应布置负刚度阻尼器,上部应布置正刚度阻尼器,除一层外相邻两层的阻尼器刚度宜逐渐变化。在多层结构中合理的布置负刚度阻尼器可以取得较传统粘滞阻尼器更好的振动控制效果。 3)研制了负刚度磁流变阻尼器及其配套的控制系统。根据负刚度振动控制及本文实验的需要,设计制作了两支磁流变阻尼器,并以DSP为计算控制核心开发了一套磁流变阻尼器的负刚度控制系统。通过实验研究了阻尼器的性能,结果表明：本文研制的磁流变阻尼器的出力范围为80N-1400N,滞回曲线饱满；采用研制的MR阻尼器和负刚度控制器,通过改变控制参数可实现具有负刚度性态的滞回曲线。 4)负刚度磁流变阻尼器钢框架减震的振动台实验。对四层钢框架进行了负刚度的减震优化分析,并参照分析结果进行了振动台减震实验,实验对比了阻尼器分别为正刚度、负刚度和零刚度三种情况时的减震效果,结果表明负刚度阻尼器较普通粘滞阻尼器和正刚度阻尼器有更好的减震表现。综上所述,本文提出的负刚度磁流变阻尼器及其结构中的布置规律,可有效实现结构的负刚度振动控制,使结构的层间位移和加速度同时得到较好控制,具有良好应用前景。
[Abstract]:In the field of vibration control of civil structures, semi-active control of structural vibration has become a research hotspot in recent years because of its advantages of low input energy, good control effect and strong practicability. The current semi-active control method can improve the stiffness of the structure, although it can better control the displacement of the structure, but the acceleration control effect is not ideal. The vibration control of negative stiffness can partially offset the lateral stiffness of the structure, so the acceleration is better controlled. At present, the research in this field at home and abroad is still in its infancy, and the research results are few. The layout of positive and negative stiffness dampers in the negative stiffness damping control structure and the shaking table experimental study of the damping structure are not seen. The purpose of this study is to remedy these deficiencies. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1) theoretical analysis of negative stiffness dampers for single-degree-of-freedom systems and two-degree-of-freedom systems. Through the theoretical analysis of single-degree-of-freedom structures, it is found that the negative stiffness dampers are more advantageous than the traditional dampers in improving the vibration absorption effect of the structures. It is found that a better damping effect can be obtained when the negative stiffness dampers are arranged in the lower part of the structure. 2) the optimal arrangement of the negative stiffness dampers for the benchmark model is studied. A new method of mixed analysis of MATLAB and SAP2000 is presented, and a MATLAB optimization analysis program based on genetic algorithm is developed. The optimal arrangement of positive and negative stiffness dampers for 20 story benchmark models is studied by using the program compiled. The layout rules of positive and negative stiffness dampers for structures controlled by negative stiffness damping are obtained: the positive stiffness dampers should be arranged on the first floor, and the positive stiffness dampers should be arranged on the first floor. Negative stiffness dampers should be arranged in the middle part and positive stiffness dampers should be arranged in the upper part. The stiffness of the two adjacent layers except one layer should be changed gradually. A reasonable arrangement of negative stiffness dampers in multistory structures can achieve better vibration control effect than traditional viscous dampers. 3) the negative stiffness magneto-rheological dampers and their supporting control systems are developed. Two magnetorheological dampers are designed and manufactured according to the needs of negative stiffness vibration control and experiments in this paper, and a set of negative stiffness control system of Mr damper is developed with DSP as the core of calculation control. The performance of the damper is studied experimentally. The results show that the output force of the Mr damper is in the range of 80N-1400N, the hysteresis curve is full, the developed Mr damper and the negative stiffness controller are used. The hysteresis curve with negative stiffness can be realized by changing the control parameters. 4) the vibration table experiment of negative stiffness magneto-rheological damper steel frame is carried out. In this paper, the negative stiffness of four-story steel frame is optimized, and the vibration abatement experiment is carried out with reference to the results of the analysis. The results of the experiments are compared when the dampers are positive stiffness, negative stiffness and zero stiffness, respectively. The results show that the negative stiffness dampers have better performance than the conventional viscous dampers and the positive stiffness dampers. To sum up, the negative stiffness magnetorheological damper and its layout can effectively control the negative stiffness vibration of the structure, and make the interstory displacement and acceleration of the structure be well controlled at the same time, which has a good prospect of application.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU352.1

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