基于音圈电机的电梯水平振动主动控制的研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 19:41

本文选题：电梯水平振动 + 主动控制　；参考：《上海交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着电梯运行速度越来越快,电梯的振动也越来越显著。电梯运行中振动的加剧会对乘员的舒适性造成严重影响。电梯振动分为水平方向和垂直方向,其中水平方向的振动与导轨直线度、导轮的圆度、轿厢的重心位置等因素有关。其中导轨的起伏是造成电梯水平方向振动的主要原因。为了降低电梯运行中的振动,提高乘员的舒适性,需要对电梯的振动,特别是水平方向的振动进行抑制。抑制振动可以通过减少振源的方式来进行,当振源无法降低时,需要采取振动控制的方法来降低振动,振动的控制可分为被动控制、半主动控制和主动控制。被动控制使用传统的减振器和类似的方法来降低振动信号的传递,但是被动控制的效果有限。半主动控制中减振器的参数可以实时调节,因此抑振效果有所改善。主动控制根据控制理论,通过传感器检测到的振动信号,采用适当的控制策略,使用主动控制的方法对振动进行抑制,从而相比于被动控制,能够进一步提高振动控制的效果。本文采用主动控制的振动抑制方法,首先对电梯的振源和水平振动机理进行分析,建立起电梯的四分之一数学模型,然后对作为作动器的音圈电机进行建模分析,并以反馈控制作为控制策略,选取适当的反馈放大倍数,在Simulink仿真环境下验证振动抑制的效果。最后以嵌入式DSP作为处理器,设计控制器,在缩小尺寸的振动实验平台下进行相关实验,验证振动主动控制的实际效果。通过仿真和实验,说明使用反馈控制策略可以明显地降低振动的传递,能够达到预期的控制效果。
[Abstract]:With the elevator running faster and faster, the vibration of the elevator is becoming more and more significant. The increase of vibration in elevator operation will seriously affect the comfort of the occupants. The vibration of elevator can be divided into horizontal direction and vertical direction. The horizontal vibration is related to the straightness of guide rail, the roundness of guide wheel, the position of gravity center of car, and so on. The fluctuation of guide rail is the main cause of horizontal vibration of elevator. In order to reduce the vibration of the elevator and improve the comfort of the occupants, it is necessary to suppress the vibration of the elevator, especially in the horizontal direction. Vibration suppression can be done by reducing the vibration source. When the vibration source can not be reduced, vibration control method is needed to reduce the vibration. The vibration control can be divided into passive control, semi-active control and active control. Passive control uses traditional shock absorbers and similar methods to reduce the transmission of vibration signals, but the effect of passive control is limited. The parameters of shock absorber can be adjusted in real time in semi-active control, so the effect of vibration suppression is improved. According to the control theory, the vibration signal detected by the sensor is suppressed by the appropriate control strategy and the active control method is used to suppress the vibration. Compared with the passive control, the effect of vibration control can be further improved. In this paper, the vibration suppression method of active control is adopted. Firstly, the vibration source and horizontal vibration mechanism of the elevator are analyzed, and the 1/4 mathematical model of the elevator is established, and then the voice coil motor as the actuator is modeled and analyzed. The feedback control is taken as the control strategy and the appropriate feedback magnification is selected to verify the effect of vibration suppression in Simulink simulation environment. Finally, the embedded DSP is used as the processor to design the controller, and the experiment is carried out under the vibration experiment platform of reducing the size to verify the actual effect of active vibration control. The simulation and experiment show that the feedback control strategy can obviously reduce the vibration transmission and achieve the desired control effect.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU857

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