图们江下游湿地生态安全评价及湿地生态公园规划研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 01:25

本文选题：湿地生态系统 + 图们江下游　；参考：《延边大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：湿地与海洋、森林并称为全球三大生态系统,具有强大的环境功能和生态效益,被美喻为“地球之肾”。然而,由于近年来图们江下游湿地受社会经济发展及人类活动造成的湿地生态破坏,使湿地面积锐减,湿地生物多样性减少。因此准确地掌握和研究本区湿地生态系统安全状况,有助于为合理保护湿地生态环境提供科学依据,对于图们江下游湿地的合理开发、保护和可持续发展具有意义。本文在对国内外湿地生态系统安全研究现状进行了较为详细总结的基础上,建立了适用于图们江下游湿地的生态安全评价体系,在构建指标体系中,首先根据确定出的很安全、安全、一般、不安全、很不安全五个等级标准,结合图们江下游湿地的特点,运用“压力一状态一响应”(PSR)模型,建立图们江下游湿地生态系统安全评价指标体系,体系分为3个项目层,7个因素层,共35个指标,并给出了每一个指标的量化标准值,指标体系较全面地涵盖了物理、化学、生物、景观、生态、社会经济以及人类活动等几大类指标,通过层次分析法计算出了各标的权重,然后运用三级模糊综合评价法进行最终计算,得到图们江下游湿地生态系统总安全指数为0.486867,处于一般安全状态,并有向不安全状态发展趋势。其中,压力系统的安全指数为0.4892,响应系统的安全指数为0.4626,状态系统的安全指数为0.5088,各等级隶属度S=(16.12%,23.25%,15.26%,16.76%,28.61%)。并分析了制约图们江下游湿地生态安全状祝的因子。根据对该区湿地受胁的原因分析,结合不同类型湿地,即湖泊湿地、沼泽湿地、河流湿地、人工湿地、生态旅游区湿地的生态综合评价CEI值分别为：0.8251、0.8250、0.6141、0.5538、0.4023；最终提出了图们江下游湿地生态公园规划具体方案,将功能区划分为服务接待区、湿地生态恢复示范区、湿地核心保护区、湿地环境教育基地、生态农业体验区、湿地生态农业示范区、龙山水库湿地优化区、湿地生态旅游区、民俗文化体验区九个分区,对生态旅游区进行景观节点规划,预测评价湿地生态公园综合效益。最后拟为当地政府及相关部门提供湿地生态系统保护决策和依据。
[Abstract]:Wetlands, oceans and forests are known as the three major ecosystems in the world, with strong environmental functions and ecological benefits, and are called "kidney of the earth" by the United States. However, the wetland in the lower reaches of the Tumen River has been destroyed by social and economic development and human activities in recent years, resulting in a sharp decrease in wetland area and a decrease in wetland biodiversity. Therefore, to grasp and study the security of wetland ecosystem in this area accurately is helpful to provide scientific basis for the reasonable protection of wetland ecological environment, and has significance for the rational development, protection and sustainable development of wetland in the lower reaches of Tumen River. Based on a detailed summary of the present situation of wetland ecosystem safety research at home and abroad, this paper establishes an ecological security evaluation system suitable for the wetland in the lower reaches of the Tumen River. In the construction of the index system, firstly, according to the established very safe, Five grade standards of safety, general, unsafe and very unsafe. Combined with the characteristics of the wetlands in the lower reaches of the Tumen River, a safety evaluation index system for the wetland ecosystem in the lower reaches of the Tumen River is established by using the "pressure-state-response" (PSR) model. The system is divided into three project layers, seven factor layers, a total of 35 indicators, and gives the quantitative standard value of each index. The index system covers physics, chemistry, biology, landscape, ecology, and so on. The weight of each standard is calculated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and then the final calculation is carried out by using the three-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The total safety index of wetland ecosystem in the lower reaches of Tumen River is 0.486867, which is in a general safe state and has the tendency to be unsafe. The safety index of the pressure system is 0.4892, the safety index of the response system is 0.4626, and the safety index of the state system is 0.5088. The factors that restrict the ecological security of wetland in the lower reaches of Tumen River are analyzed. According to the analysis of the reason of wetland being threatened, combined with different types of wetland, namely lake wetland, marsh wetland, river wetland, constructed wetland, eco-tourism area wetland, the CEI value of ecological comprehensive evaluation is respectively: 0. 0.8251 0. 825 1 0. 551 0. 5538 0. 4023; Finally, the specific planning scheme of wetland ecological park in the lower reaches of Tumen River is put forward. The functional zoning is divided into service reception area, wetland ecological restoration demonstration area, wetland core reserve, wetland environmental education base, ecological agriculture experience area. The wetland eco-agriculture demonstration area, the wetland optimization area of Longshan Reservoir, the wetland eco-tourism area and the folk-custom culture experience area were divided into nine zones. The landscape node planning of the eco-tourism area was carried out, and the comprehensive benefits of the wetland ecological park were forecasted and evaluated. Finally, to provide the local government and relevant departments with wetland ecosystem protection decision-making and basis.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X826;TU986.5

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