我国室内空气净化及新风换气产品性能评价标准研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 02:35

本文选题：室内空气品质 + 空气净化器　；参考：《清华大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前，我国室内细颗粒物（PM2.5）和挥发性有机化合物（Volatile Organic Compounds，VOCs）污染问题严重，给人们的健康带来严重风险。越来越多的家庭购买空气净化器或者新风换气机用以解决室内空气污染问题。但是我国空气净化器和新风换气机的标准中存在着一些问题，影响了产品质量以及消费者选购和使用这类产品。其中，空气净化器标准中缺少适用面积的评价方法和对洁净空气量衰减的考察；新风换气机标准中缺少对交叉污染问题和过滤效率的定量测试。针对以上问题，本文进行了一系列研究，主要学术贡献为： 1.通过建立空气净化器运行状态下房间的污染物浓度平衡方程，推导出了适用于我国的空气净化器适用面积与其洁净空气量的关系式。稳态情况下，空气净化器的适用面积与其洁净空气量成正比例关系，定义其比例系数为适用面积系数。根据我国国情，空气净化器去除PM2.5的适用面积系数为0.15h/m，去除甲醛的适用面积系数为0.21h/m。该方法对其他污染物同样适用，为指导消费者按照房间面积选择合适的空气净化器提供了理论依据。 2.定义了适用面积工况，从而估算出空气净化器实际使用一段时间后处理的污染物总量。定义了室内空气净化器洁净空气量衰减率这一概念并且建立了相应的测试方法。该方法使空气净化器在快速老化试验中处理与实际使用工况下总量相等的污染物，考察快速老化试验前后的洁净空气量衰减率。结合适用面积工况和洁净空气量衰减率测试结果，评估空气净化器在实际使用环境下的寿命。 3.新风换气机排风与新风之间的交叉污染由内部漏风和污染物通过膜的渗透共同引起。我国现有标准中的内部漏风量测试条件与新风换气机实际运行条件并不相符。本文发展了一种基于细颗粒物浓度示踪的内部漏风量测试方法，可在实际运行工况下测试设备的内部漏风量。建立了基于甲苯浓度示踪的新风换气机交叉污染率测试方法。藉此，可以分别测得交叉污染率和其中由内部漏风引起的比例。对某新风换气机进行了测试，，结果表明其交叉污染率随着排风与新风之间甲苯浓度差的增大而从19%增大到32%，其中由内部漏风引起的交叉污染率为19%。
[Abstract]:At present, indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are seriously polluted in China, which brings serious risks to people's health. More and more families are buying air purifiers or fresh-air ventilators to solve indoor air pollution problems. However, there are some problems in the standards of air purifiers and fresh air ventilators in our country, which affect the quality of products and the choice and use of these products by consumers. In the standard of air purifier, the evaluation method of suitable area and the investigation of the attenuation of clean air volume are lacking, and the quantitative test of cross pollution and filtration efficiency is lacking in the standard of fresh air ventilator. In view of the above problems, this paper carried out a series of research, the main academic contributions are: 1. By establishing the balance equation of pollutant concentration in the room under the condition of air purifier operation, the relationship between the applicable area of air purifier and its clean air volume is derived. Under steady state, the applicable area of air purifier is proportional to its clean air volume, and the ratio coefficient is defined as the applicable area coefficient. According to the situation of our country, the suitable area coefficient of PM2.5 removal by air purifier is 0.15 h / m, and the applicable area coefficient of formaldehyde removal is 0.21 h / m. This method is also applicable to other pollutants and provides a theoretical basis for guiding consumers to select suitable air purifiers according to room area. 2. The working conditions of suitable area are defined to estimate the total amount of pollutants that the air purifier actually uses for a period of time after treatment. The concept of attenuation rate of clean air volume of indoor air purifier is defined and the corresponding test method is established. This method enables the air purifier to deal with the total amount of pollutants in the rapid aging test and to investigate the attenuation rate of clean air volume before and after the rapid aging test. Combined with the test results of the applicable area working condition and the attenuation rate of clean air volume, the life of the air purifier in practical use was evaluated. The cross-contamination between the exhaust air and the fresh air of the fresh air ventilator is caused by the internal air leakage and the permeation of the pollutants through the membrane. The test conditions of internal air leakage in the existing standards of our country are not consistent with the actual operating conditions of fresh air ventilators. In this paper, a measurement method of internal air leakage based on fine particle concentration tracer is developed, which can be used to measure the internal air leakage of the equipment under actual operating conditions. A method for measuring cross-contamination rate of fresh air ventilator based on toluene concentration tracer was established. Therefore, the cross-contamination rate and the ratio caused by internal air leakage can be measured respectively. The results show that the cross pollution rate increases from 19% to 32% with the increase of toluene concentration difference between the exhaust air and the fresh air, in which the cross pollution rate caused by internal air leakage is 19%.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU834.8

【参考文献】